Have You Ever Experienced Falling in Love? Essay

Have you ever experienced falling in love? How do you know if you’re in love? Does age really matter when you fall in love? What does love feel like? These are some of the questions asked by teenagers like me. I, as a teenager, admit that I have loved someone, and have been loved back. At first, I didn’t know that, but I woke up one morning and realized that I was in love with him. I taught myself that time that I was too young for love since I was just 15 years old back then, but in reality, age does not really matter at all. Love is the greatest feeling in the whole world. As a teenager we can’t help but get curious in things like love. So I decided to read an article about teenage love. In everyone’s teenage years, we will encounter different people, get interested with someone, we want to be loved and fall in love. There will also come a time in our adolescent years where we will get an urge to fall in love with someone so that we will not be left behind with what is trending, because this is part of our physical growth as a teen. Francis Githinji states that â€Å"Teenage is a confusing place to be because you are not old enough to be called mature and you are not too young to be called a child.† Francis is right, we are in a place of confusion because sometimes, we feel like we are old enough to handle these love situations and sometimes we feel that we are too young to be serious in love. Teens also conclude that they’re in love with someone but then they don’t realize that they are just infatuated. Out of curiosity, teens want to experience and explore something new about themselves that is connected with love. It is because they hear from certain people that if love is real, there should be sexual intercourse involved. But for me, it’s not real love if it’s only lust. And if you really love someone, you will respect her/him. That’s what I call love. No one can say if teenage love is real or not, but as you experience love in your teenage years, you’ll learn from it and become wiser the next time you fall in love again. Nobody is an expert when it comes to love. We can’t control love, it just comes around. We will get shocked that one day, we fell in love someone. There is nothing wrong with falling in love, but sometimes the people in it make mistakes. We just have to know how to handle love. As we take on our teenage life, we will get along with other people and unexpectedly fall in love. But it doesn’t matter whether it’s real or not, as long as we are enjoying our life. We are still young, and there are many experiences that await us.

Separation of a Mixture of Solids

Separation of a Mixture of Solids My Flow Chart First remove iron filings with magnet since this is the only substance in the mixture that it is magnetic and will be attracted to a magnet. Second remove the sand by adding the mixture to hot water, which the other two substances are soluble. Third remove the benzoic acid since this is less soluble in cold than salt by cooling the mixture in the heated water. This will then leave the table salt behind in the water as the last substance. Observations Data Table 1: Experiment Data| Grams (g)| Percent of Mixture (%)| Initial Mixture| 6. 5| 100| Iron Filings| 1. 8| 27. 69| Sand| 1. 7| 26. 15| Table Salt| 1. 9| 29. 23| Benzoic Acid| 0. 8| 12. 31| Combined Total| 6. 2| 95. 38| Questions A. How did your proposed procedures or flow charts at the beginning of this experiment compare to the actual procedures of this lab exercise? My proposed flow chart was very close to that of the actual lab exercise. The only step that I did not include was le tting the water evaporate to find isolate the table salt.I suppose I was thinking that it would be estimated by process of elimination. However, I can now that this would not accurately show that true weight and is therefore not scientific. B. Discuss potential advantages or disadvantages of your proposed procedure compared to the one actually used. The disadvantage of my flow chart would be that although the end numbers would be closer to the original mass of the mixture, it would not accurately represent the correct percentages and would not account correctly show the rror that occurred during the process. C. How would you explain a sand recovery percentage that is higher than the original sand percentage? I would explain a sand recovery percentage that is higher than the original sand percentage from water that could still be let in the sand if it has not been given the proper time to fully dry. However, the a small amount of table salt and benzoic acid particle were also left be hind in the small amount of water that needed to be dried out of the sand and could account for the higher percentage.D. What were potential sources of error in this experiment? I think that the largest potential for error is in the transfer and handling of the substances. Small particles were left behind in the original weighing dish, graduated cylinder and cup that were not able to be transferred. Human error, like spilling small amount of the mixture in transfer, and mechanical error, like a miscalculated calibration of the scale, could also be sources of error. Separation of a Mixture of Solids Separation of a Mixture of Solids My Flow Chart First remove iron filings with magnet since this is the only substance in the mixture that it is magnetic and will be attracted to a magnet. Second remove the sand by adding the mixture to hot water, which the other two substances are soluble. Third remove the benzoic acid since this is less soluble in cold than salt by cooling the mixture in the heated water. This will then leave the table salt behind in the water as the last substance. Observations Data Table 1: Experiment Data| Grams (g)| Percent of Mixture (%)| Initial Mixture| 6. 5| 100| Iron Filings| 1. 8| 27. 69| Sand| 1. 7| 26. 15| Table Salt| 1. 9| 29. 23| Benzoic Acid| 0. 8| 12. 31| Combined Total| 6. 2| 95. 38| Questions A. How did your proposed procedures or flow charts at the beginning of this experiment compare to the actual procedures of this lab exercise? My proposed flow chart was very close to that of the actual lab exercise. The only step that I did not include was le tting the water evaporate to find isolate the table salt.I suppose I was thinking that it would be estimated by process of elimination. However, I can now that this would not accurately show that true weight and is therefore not scientific. B. Discuss potential advantages or disadvantages of your proposed procedure compared to the one actually used. The disadvantage of my flow chart would be that although the end numbers would be closer to the original mass of the mixture, it would not accurately represent the correct percentages and would not account correctly show the rror that occurred during the process. C. How would you explain a sand recovery percentage that is higher than the original sand percentage? I would explain a sand recovery percentage that is higher than the original sand percentage from water that could still be let in the sand if it has not been given the proper time to fully dry. However, the a small amount of table salt and benzoic acid particle were also left be hind in the small amount of water that needed to be dried out of the sand and could account for the higher percentage.D. What were potential sources of error in this experiment? I think that the largest potential for error is in the transfer and handling of the substances. Small particles were left behind in the original weighing dish, graduated cylinder and cup that were not able to be transferred. Human error, like spilling small amount of the mixture in transfer, and mechanical error, like a miscalculated calibration of the scale, could also be sources of error.

What Does It Take to Get Into Tulane University?

With an acceptance rate of 26%, admission to Tulane is highly competitive . So, what does it take to get it? Read on to find out. What could be better than attending college in New Orleans? From Mardi Gras to music festivals, Tulane University might seem like a nonstop party. However, the truth is that this southern school has more than enough to offer those who are academically minded. In fact, U.S. News & World Report ranked Tulane No. 40 on its list of the Best National Universities and No. 45 on a list of Best Undergraduate Programs. And with more than 75 majors from which to choose, students don’t have to worry about finding a program that excites them. While Tulane is clearly a great place to attend college, getting into this institution can be challenging. Fortunately, there are ways to increase your odds of being accepted. Here’s our advice for optimizing your admissions profile for Tulane University. Tulane accepts both the Common Application and its own online application. To apply for Early Decision, submit your materials by November 1. The Early Action deadline is November 15, and Regular Decision applications are due by January 26. You can expect to receive an admission decision by April 1. Tulane requires applicants to submit the following materials: Visual and performing arts students have the option of submitting a portfolio or audition. Non-U.S. citizens are also required to submit a Certification of Finances document with their application. One of the most respected universities in the U.S., Tulane is naturally very competitive. In 2017, Tulane accepted just 26% or 8,126 of the 32,006 students who applied, so candidates need to be at the top of their game if they hope to gain entry. The average GPA of admitted applicants was 3.51, the average ACT score was 30, and the average SAT score was 1410. So, while most Tulane students boast high GPAs and test scores, the admissions committee considers other factors as well. Along with academic prowess, the school seeks out students who are passionate about what they do. Overall, Tulane is trying to build a robust, vibrant student body, so use your application to convey your unique talents and strengths. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Tulane University requires incoming freshmen to have strong academic credentials. Prospective students should pursue a high school curriculum that includes the following: Additionally, Tulane takes standardized test scores into account when making admissions decisions. While the middle 50% of students earn SAT scores between 1420 and 1510, applicants may be pleased to learn that the school superscores the test, considering the highest scores across all test dates. The middle 50% of students who take the ACT earn between 31 and 33; unfortunately, Tulane does not superscore this exam. Some students may qualify for guaranteed admission to Tulane under the Focus Louisiana program . Here are the criteria required for guaranteed acceptance: Note that Guaranteed Admission applicants must apply to Tulane Early Decision. Unless you qualify for Guaranteed Admission, there’s probably no one way to ensure you get into Tulane. However, the following steps can help your application stand out from the pack: According to Tulane’s mission statement, the school is dedicated to helping â€Å"individuals, organizations, and communities to think, to learn, and to act and lead with integrity and wisdom.† If you want to boost your odds of getting accepted at this southern school, use the optional statement to show the admissions committee how you fit this description. For example, you might want to describe a time when you served as a leader in your school or community. The goal is to convey why you’re a good fit for Tulane, along with why the school is ideal for you. Colleges aren’t naive enough to think students are only applying to one school. Still, they want to know that applicants are passionate about the possibility of matriculating. You can demonstrate your engagement by attending college fairs, meeting with admissions reps, emailing questions to the admissions counselor, and scheduling campus tours. If you do visit Tulane (or any other school on your list), don’t forget to drop by the admissions office to let them know you cared enough to make the trip. According to Tulane’s Director of Admissions, Jeff Schiffman, the university is particularly interested in students who have held down part-time jobs. Whether you worked to save money for college or prepare for a prospective career, detail your experience in your application materials. Rather than chastise yourself for failing to get into Tulane, remember that there are plenty of other great schools out there. And one of them would love to have you. Some colleges known for being similar to Tulane include Vanderbilt, NYU, USC, UCLA, and Boston University. Determined to head down south for college? You might want to consider Duke University, Washington and Lee University, Wake Forest University, or Emory University.

The Biology of Sleep Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Biology of Sleep - Essay Example Human beings often underestimate the importance of sleep in their lives. Contrary to popular belief, sleep is not a passive phenomenon. It is a dynamic process during which the body recharges, recovers and recuperates. Several physiological systems of the body undergo repair while we sleep. Thus, sleep deprivation can lead to serious health implications. According to the National Sleep Foundation in the United States, human infants require as much as sixteen hours of sleep, while human adults require about eight to nine hours of sleep every night. Women in the first 3 months of pregnancy often need several more hours of sleep than usual. The amount of sleep a person needs also increases if he or she has been deprived of sleep in previous days. Sleep is particularly important for the brain. Even 24 hours of continuous wakefulness can lead to reduced memory and concentration ability, hallucination and mood swings. Precisely how sleep affects human beings is still an area of intense research. Scientists are still trying to comprehend the molecular and physiological functioning of the body in the sleeping stage. But studies conducted so far have only reiterated that sleep is essential for survival. One such study conducted on rats revealed that sleep deprived rats had a severely shortened life span and a breakdown in the immune system. The normal life span of rats is 2-3 years, however sleep deprived rats live for only 3 weeks. These rats develop abnormal low body temperatures and sores on their tails and paws. (Mostaghimi, 2005) Researches conducted over the ages have theorised about the possible functions of sleep. As mentioned earlier, healing and repair are two of the key functions of sleep. A study conducted revealed that sleep hastened the healing process of burn wounds in rats. (Gumustekin et al, 2004) Sleep also forms an important means of energy conservation especially when a person is ill. This probably happens because cytokines, chemicals our immune systems produce while fighting an infection, are powerful sleep-inducing chemicals. Sleep may help the body conserve energy and other resources that the immune system needs to mount an attack. The body is in a quiescent stage while sleeping and considerably less energy is spent in the physiological functioning of the body. Sleep might also be an anabolic state marked by physiological processes of growth and rejuvenation of the organism's immune, nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems (with some exceptions). When a person is in deep sleep, growth hormo nes are released in the body. Also, proteins, which form the building blocks of the body, are produced in large numbers during sleep. The most important function underway in a sleeping human being is memory processing. Scientists have successfully correlated sleep to memory. Sleep helps the brain commit new information to memory through a process called memory consolidation. More specifically, working memory was shown to be adversely affected by sleep deprivation. Working memory keeps information active for further processing and supports higher-level cognitive functions such as decision making, reasoning, and episodic memory. (Turner, 2007) Stages of Sleep A human being usually passes through five stages of sleep. The first four stages can be

The Mental Capacity Act 2005 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9500 words

The Mental Capacity Act 2005 - Coursework Example The second section highlights the rights for individuals to be supported to make their own decisions i.e. individual must be provided with all appropriate help before any other individual concludes that he or she cannot their own decisions. The third section is focused on the need to retain the right to make what might be seen as eccentric or unwise decision. The fourth section is based on best interests i.e. any decision or exercise conducted for or on behalf of people without capacity must be in their best interests, the fifth section is the study of least restrictive intervention i.e. any exercise or decision made for or on behalf of individual without capacity should be the least restrictive of their basic rights and freedoms. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 preserves in order current best practice and common law principles concerning people, people who lack mental capacity and people who take decisions on their behalf. The Act replaces current constitutional system for continuing powers of attorney and Court of Protection receivers with improved and updated schemes. (Deryck. Beyleveld, David Townend, Jessica Wright (2005).Research Ethics Committees, Data Protection, and Medical Research in European Countries). According to the Mental Act 2005, individual or group of individuals is provided with the legal authority to make decisions on the behalf of those individuals who experience mental suffering, or are emotionally and mentally destabilize. The Act manages decision-making on behalf of adults who lack mental capacity, both where they lose capacity at some point in their lives, and where the incapacitating condition has been present since birth. The Act provides with authority with the capacity to make decisions, covering all different aspects and situations, it covers all decisions, including personal welfare and financial matters, and covers decision-making on their behalf by attorneys, or deputies appointed by the courts. The Act also rectifies the process and position for conducting the exercise, if formal process has not been adopted. The proposed Mental Capacity Act evolved gradually, in consultation with the legislators and people affiliated with social sciences. Presently attorneys or receivers are legally bound to make decisions only on financial matters. The Act provides clarity and demarcations about who can make decisions and the manner of making decisions. The Act is an attempt towards protecting vulnerable people, carers and professionals. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 was drafted after years and series of consultation with people belonging to different spheres of life. The Law Commission began the process in 1989, ands in 1995 the Commission produced the report and drafted the Bill. The Government responded in 1997 with a green paper, and a policy statement in 1999. A draft Mental Incapacity Bill was published in June 2003 and examined by a Joint Committee of both Houses of Parliament. The re-named Mental Capacity Bill was introduced to Parliament on Seventeenth of June 2004 and received Royal Assent on Seventh of April 2005, and it became law. The Mental Capacity Act received Royal Assent on Seventh of April 2005, and is likely to be implemented in 2007. The Act is an effort towards providing protection and liberty to the person to handle and conduct his or her affairs after he or she loses the mental capacity. The Act has supported people

Financial System and Intermediaries Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial System and Intermediaries - Assignment Example This role is performed by intermediaries by taking the advantage of economies of scale while markets do the same by facilitating offer and trade of assets that comprise investors’ portfolios (Gup, 2011, Pg. 11) Financial intermediaries are the financial institutions such as banks, building societies, investment banks pension funds or insurance companies. Financial intermediaries include insurance companies that offer risk investment, financial advisers who offer specialist advice saving the investor costs and time in looking for the most suitable investment. Credit unions provide facilities for depositing and lending within a certain community and investment trusts or mutual funds that pool small savings of individual investors to enable a bigger investment trust. They enable small investors to enjoy smaller commission rates that are available on big purchases (Allen and Gale, 2001, Pg. 501). Commercial banks are intermediaries that issue among others savings account deposits. With a 100 000, the investor can open a savings account that will earn interest annually. They carry interest payments and offer time deposits. In this case, interests are earned with fixed terms to maturity (Gup, 2011, Pg. 47). Mutual funds raise funds through the sales of shares to individuals as well as institutions. The shares are pooled to buy a diversified portfolio of bonds, stocks or both. A mutual fund intermediary may keep some of the cash for other investment opportunities that may come up in the future (Gup, 2011, Pg. 82). An investor may also require an adviser as a financial intermediary to help in making the right choice of institution to invest with. Advisers spare investors time and resources that may be spent in the process of looking for a suitable investment bank, firm or institution (Gup, 2011, Pg 87). There are numerous banks in the UK that offer financial services to people all over the world. Barclays bank is

Management principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management principles - Essay Example developed, it is important to underscore - for the benefit of the managers at MH company - that the global pharmaceutical market continues to grow despite the global financial downturn and that from 1998 to 2007, the global sales have more than doubled. (Griffin, p. 297) As the leader in the industry, there is a great demand for US pharmaceutical products and that international expansion is inevitable. As the business begins to grow, the international market for MH Pharmaceutical’s wheelchairs become more complex and diverse. The importance of a coherent strategy to address this challenge implemented by an equally capable international management division is pivotal to the success and growth of the company. One logical strategy in approaching international expansion is entering into a joint venture with local partners. The local partners could allow entry to a restricted market and at the same time draw on local expertise, capital and labor. This is particular helpful considering the fact that there are differences in the way countries use pharmaceutical products and differences in the regulation by the different governments. Social, cultural and political variables are all coming into play in specific locations for target operations. And so, operating with partners who are familiar with a country’s markets, suppliers, infrastructure, government regulations and customers is invaluable in the cost reduction and the speed and ease of setting up a local operation for marketing and sales. The disadvantage of this strategy is that it is time-consuming, with all the negotiations taking place. In addition, partnership may not also be viable MC company if it is concerned with the expenditures because setting up operations – marketing, sales and distribution - for this option can be costly. If the MH Company management rejects the previous strategy, then it could tap the wonders of technology to reach out to its target market across the globe. The increase of

Ubiquitous Computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ubiquitous Computing - Essay Example Ubiquitous computing is mostly mobile or even fixed to the environment and networked with a structure of ubiquitous network. The subject of ubiquitous computing is interesting going by the way technological advancements are revolutionizing life, making it simpler and yet making people get vulnerable to virtual attacks. Visions of ubiquitous computing Ubiquitous computing is associated with a number of visions. One of the visions is providing effective use of smart spaces. By fixing computing devices in buildings a smart space connects two worlds that were initially separate. This connection enables controlling and sensing of a world by another. This smartness is also applied to individual objects even if they are not in a smart space. Secondly, there is the aspect of invisibility. The main idea here is to completely eliminate the technology of ubiquitous computing from individual’s consciousness. This implies ensuring reduced user distraction according to Yang (2004). This mea ns that ubiquitous computing environment will always meet the expectations of the user subconsciously. Another vision is uneven conditioning masking. The rate at which ubiquitous computing is incorporated to infrastructures will differ. The difference will be in terms of non-technical factors. For instance, it can be business models, organizational structure and economics. Uniform penetration however will not be easily achieved. Challenges of ubiquitous computing Ubiquitous computing has several challenges. One of the challenges is user intent. For ubiquitous computing to be effective it is important that the system be able to track the user intent. Otherwise it will not be possible to know which actions of the system help or hinder the user. However the current systems are weak at capturing and using user intent. Secondly, there is the challenge of cyber foraging. The urge to reduce the size of mobile phone devices, make them lighter and provide longer lasting battery life means co mpromising computing capabilities. However meeting the expectations of the user may need more advanced data manipulation and computing activities. According to Yang (2004), the challenge is connecting the two contradicting requirements. Adaptation strategy is yet another challenge related to ubiquitous computing. Adaptation is important incase of a variation between resource supply and demand. It is achieved through three alternatives. First is that the client can use some applications in altering their actions so as to use little of the scarce resource. The challenge is that the change normally decreases the perceived quality of the user. Second is that the client request the environment to offer a given level of a resource. Third is that a client may propose a corrective action to the user. The challenge is that if the user reacts on the proposal, it is not certain that there will be adequate supply of the demands. Privacy in ubiquitous computing Privacy is highly complicated by u biquitous computing. However it is a real problem in mobile computing and distributed systems. There are mechanisms which continuously monitor user behavior. These include smart spaces, location tracking and surrogate use. The more the user becomes dependent on the ubiquitous computing system, the more the system monitors his/her movements. It also becomes aware of the user’s mannerisms and behavior patterns. Using this information is important for successful functioning of the

The Role of Nursing Leadership in Hospital Quality Improvement Term Paper

The Role of Nursing Leadership in Hospital Quality Improvement - Term Paper Example QI is a persistent process that involves mutual efforts and labor at all the levels of an organization to deliver better services to health care clients. It is attained as a result of positive interactions among various departments of a hospital to devise a progressive system that constantly improves the processes and outcomes of health care. The concept of QI comprise of quality assurance and problem resolution (Moran and Johnson, 1992). The multitude of hospital quality improvement activities involves participation in external programs sponsored by accreditation and regulatory bodies, QI organizations etc. Also, several hospitals participate in internal QI activities which are derived from employee and patient feedback (Draper et al., 2008). According to Hassmiller and Needleman (2009), the integration of nursing managers into decision making bodies of hospital provides improved quality of care and hospital efficiency. The initiation and progression of Magnet accreditation programs escalates the participation of nursing leadership in hospitals. The basis of magnet appraisal provided by American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) is based on strong nursing representation in organization’s leadership structure, deployment of nursing manager that have a role in hospital’s executive leadership, a shared governance operational system in nursing and authoritative powers of nursing leadership at all functioning level of hospital. Initially the concept of magnet status was based on attracting retention and job satisfaction among nurses however, later it was revealed that it is associated with improved hospital quality and patient care. Another accreditation... This essay approves that quality is a mutual responsibility and along with nursing mangers every nurse and employee should participate in it. Some of the QI efforts recommended for nursing administration include establishment of standards and making staff liable for individual roles, inspiring nurses to champion efforts, maintenance and presentation of valuable feed back to the nursing staff for future motivation and encouragement, engaging nursing staff at all levels of QI activities from bedside to management and modification in traditional nursing education that does not prepare nursing staff for their advanced role in contemporary health care settings. In this regard, emphasis on QI skill development and effective implementation of these activities in a hospital setting are required. Nursing administration may find it difficult to manage high level of administrative burden linked with these activities. Similarly, the conversion of scientific data into useful form of experiential learning is a tiresome process which involves patient hospital stay and feedback etc; however, the involvement of nursing staff in such experiential learning is foundation for QI strategies and measures. This report makes a conclusion that nursing leadership play a focal role in QI of health care settings. The hospitals have to adapt and pursue schemes/projects that significantly contribute to achievement of quality, patient care and performance goals. In this regard, optimization of nursing administration roles is vital for smooth operation of QI activities. Challenges and barriers should be identified and effectively removed for sustainable QI of a hospital.

Much Ad About Nothing Essay Example for Free

Much Ad About Nothing Essay Write about the ways in which Shakespeare presents the relationship between Beatrice and Benedick in Much Ado About Nothing and compare it with the ways in which relationships are presented in ‘Sonnet 130’, ‘Sonnet 43’ and ‘Salome’. In Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare presents an interesting relationship between the characters of Beatrice and Benedick. We can compare their relationships with the poems ‘Sonnet 130’, ‘Sonnet 43’ and ‘Salome’ and the relationships presented in them. Although Shakespeare includes a conventional relationship between Hero and Claudio, he also decides to involve a different affair between Beatrice and Benedick. One of these moments where we can begin to understand their relationship is during the First Meeting. In Act 1 Scene 1, Benedick uses imagery of a bird to mock Beatrice. On line 126, Benedick says to Beatrice â€Å"Well, you are a rare parrot-teacher†. Benedick could be mocking Beatrice by suggesting that she can’t say anything original and only copies what others say, therefore relating to the imagery of a parrot. However, the word ‘rare’ shows that Benedick recognises the unique characteristics of Beatrice and that she is standing out from the crowd, consequently hinting his disguised love for her. Additionally, this quotation also relates to the context of time as women, in those days, could be punished for talking too much. Benedick could be taking advantage of the conventions of time to put Beatrice in her place in their relationship with each other. The parrot imagery can also relate to a poem called Sonnet 130. This is because, in Sonnet 130, the poe t says â€Å"I love to hear her speak, yet well i know, That music hath a far more pleasing sound;†. We can link the first phrase of Sonnet 130 with Benedicks quote of a ‘rare’ parrot-teacher. By including the word rare before the imagery of a bird, suggests that although Beatrice may talk too much, Benedick still enjoys listening to her speak hence relating to Sonnet 130 â€Å"I love to hear her speak†. As well as this, the second line of Sonnet 130 â€Å"that music hath far more a pleasing sound† links to why Benedick uses the imagery of a bird to mock Beatrice in the first place. As he includes the phrase ‘parrot-teacher’, it indicates that even though he enjoys listening to her speak, perhaps as she speaks too much, means that there are better things to  be heard. Overall, within the First Meeting of Beatrice and benedick, Shakespeare begins an interesting relationship causing the audience to be intrigued and persuaded to keep watching. Shakespeare proceeds with their relationship in Scene 1 Act 11 at the Masked Ball. Here, Benedick and Beatrice are presented as hostile towards one another as Benedick is masked, unable to reveal his identity, as Beatrice is basically insulting him while pretending that she doesn’t know who he really is. She says that Benedick will â€Å"break a comparison or two on me, which peradventure not marked, or not laughed at, strikes him into melancholy, and then there’s a partridge wing saved, for the fool will eat no supper that night.† She is making the case that benedick is so weak-minded that no one will laugh at his jokes. Then Benedick will be so upset that no one listens to his witty comparisons that he loses his appetite and is unable even to eat a partridge wing, which would be a small meal anyway. But perhaps the idea of consuming food could be changed to create a more interesting insight of Beatrice’s insult. Beatrice could also be saying that Benedick is weak but has lost his appetite not for food but for life because he is regarded so low by his friends. It could also be a reference to Benedick losing his sexual appetite. In Beatrice’s quote, she uses a powerful metaphor to insult Benedick’s manhood. This would be particularly astonishing given the context of time: women were expected to say less than men. However, in this scene Beatrice is particularly outspoken by saying something which is immensely rude; this is completely going against the conventions of time. Beatrice would also be living up to the expectation at the time as women were more sexual than men and would be prone to having affairs and ultimately cuckolding men. We could compare Benedick and Beatrice relationship throughout the Masked Ball with the poem ‘Salome’. Salome presents someone who is confessing to something that they are guilty of. One line says ‘cut out the booze and the fags and the sex.’ This indicates that the person is wanting to lose their appetite for sex whereas within Beatrice’s insult towards Benedick, it refers to a possibility of Benedick losing his sexual appetite without wanting to. Furthermore, we could link when Beatrice says ‘for the fool will eat no supper tonight’ to another quote from Salome: ‘was his head on a platter’. Perhaps when Beatrice says that Benedick will have no supper, she could really mean that he is the supper.

Corporate Governance on the Capital Investment Decision

Corporate Governance on the Capital Investment Decision ABSTRACT This paper investigates the factors that determine the sensitivity of the investment-cash flow relationship. The Q model assumption is used to relate the investment opportunities available to the managers with its liquidity constraints due to asymmetric information and managerial discretion of internally sourced free cash flow. The result purports that there is a positive relationship between the degree of the Investment-Cash flow relationship and Q, found in low or no dividend paying firms. It is evident that the results are in support of Myers Maljuf (Myers Maljuf, 1984) pecking order theory of the investment-cash flow relationship. Introduction Overview Through various studies over the years, different scholars and financial analysts have been able to establish a relationship of cash flow on firms investment spending. It was significantly proven by (Modigliani Miller, 1958) that a firms financial status is irrelevant for real investment decisions in a world of perfect and complete capital markets, after controlling for the cost of capital. In case of managerial discretion, based on (Jensen, 1986) free cash flow theory, firms increase investment (including projects with negative present value) based on the availability of cash flows with incentive of increasing firms value beyond level of optimal investment. Moreover, an agency costs also appreciate the borrower net worth by charging a premium on the external financing. The discussion above explains that the firms investment decisions are dependent on the availability of internal funds, as cost advantage over external fund is evident. While choosing an appropriate capital structure, there are certain trade-offs which affects the decision. These trade-offs include tax advantage through acquiring debt against the bankruptcy cost which advocates the use of equity. Keeping this in view, various different models have been supported to explain this corporate capital structure behavior. Pecking Order Theory, initially mitigated by (Donaldson, 1961) describes the financing practice as prioritizing the means of financing, which is necessary for the management to counter against asymmetric information. Either they should generate the funds internally or acquire funds externally through debt rather than equity. Implications to the pecking order theory involves the positive impact of leveraging on the market price, which means, financing through debt sends a positive signal into the market about the firms future prospects. Furthermore, intermediaries also undermine the role of management as the financial intermediaries such as investment banks function as the insider to the firm. Consequently, keeping an eye on the firms operations and influencing the firms capital financing decision. However, Pecking order theory of (Myers Maljuf, 1984) argues that the firms operating in imperfect or incomplete capital markets where the cost of external capital exceeds that of internal funds, the financial structure may be appropriate to the investment decisions of companies facing uncertain prospects. Gauging the level of corporate investment in any firm is based on the corporate governance; market position of a firms asset against its book value can be termed as Tobins q ratio. Identified by (Chung Pruitt, 1994), Tobins q as proportion of firms market value to replacement cost of its assets. Tobins q can be considered an effective tool for determining financial performance as the data can be collected readily from a balance sheet. When calculating Tobins q ratio, the replacement cost can be determined approximately by the book value of firms plant and equipment. Approximate q can be replaced with the actual Tobins q to make the calculations unproblematic and data can be readily available without any discrepancies. Problem Statement To study the impact of corporate governance on the capital investment decision through cash flow and Tobins q interaction in relation with Capital Investment HypothesEs H0: Firms cash flow having a significant impact on its capital investment will be linked with high Q values. (FCF Theory) HA: Firms being liquidity constrained due to least payout will have significant investment-cash flow sensitivity, and will be linked with high Q values in the market. (PO Theory) Outline of the study The report contains the contemplation of research data that will study the phenomenon of cash flows and investment discussed earlier in this paragraph. The study categorizes firms according to characteristics (such as dividend payout, size) which will help measure the level of constraints faced by firms. The study will help readers to understand the complexities of Pecking order theory and Free Cash Flows concept with regard to asymmetric information available and corporate governance which influences decision of the firms. To measure the effect that cash flow-financed (internally sourced) capital spending and Q has on firms investment, Ordinary Least Square Regression model will be used to estimate the function. To compute the influence on the Investment, instruments used are: (1) Cash Flow, (2) Approximate q, and (3) an interaction of both variables are created. Through studying the parameter estimates of interaction variable, positive influence on investment will support the Pecking Order hypothesis and negative influence will govern the Free Cash Flow hypothesis. The equation hypothesized in the next part is linear. Definitions Pecking Order Theory: (Myers Maljuf, 1984): à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A firm is said to follow a pecking order if it prefers internal to external financing and debt to equity if external financing is used.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Free Cash Flow Theory According to (Jensen, 1986), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“free cash flow theory, high cash flow and low debt create agency costs associated with conflicts between manager and share holder over the payout of this free cash, which is the cash left after the firm has invested in all available positive net present value projects.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Capital Structure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A careful and systematic analysis of how claims against a corporations assets can or should be determined, assessed, and accounted for.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Riahi-Belkaoui, 1999) Capital Investment Decision à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Capital Investment decisions are those decisions that involve current outlay in return for a stream of benefit in future years.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Drury, 2006) Tobins q à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Tobins q is a measure of investors expectations concerning a firms future profit potential. It is defined as the ratio of the market value of a firm to the replacement cost of its assets.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Strecker, 2009) Literature Review Vogt (Vogt, 1994) explained the capital spending behavior of companies with respect to change in dividend cash paid, cash flows, sales, and market value of assets. The regression equation models the variables to proportion of fixed assets, and distributes the firms data in segments of Dividend Payout Groups and Asset Groups. Primarily, Dividend Cash has a strong negative impact on capital spending; it explains that in order to finance additional fixed investment firm needs to sock cash by reducing their dividend. Cash flow, Sales, and Q Ratio having a positive coefficient demonstrates that with an increase in future cash flows, the firm will improve its capital spending. A relationship has been developed between the firms investment decision and the firms financial status by Cleary (Cleary, 1999), financial status has been studied with respect to the liquidity constraints. The data is classified into groups through a discriminant analysis on basis of dividend payout policy. Groups taken into study have made possible to identify firms which are more financially constrained more likely to be investment-cash flow sensitive, furthermore, availability of internal sources of funds have a greater impact on firms with high credit worthiness, and vice versa. It has been proposed that the various ownership structures make managerial decision based on the interaction between investment and the firms liquidity constraints. The study conducted by Dedoussis Papadaki (Dedoussis Papadaki, 2010) mentioned that the management can be held separate from its ownership, even on basis of the nationality of the company. On the other hand, it also explained that the relative shareholding of CEO and the controlling shareholders can also be the basis of separation. The sample used in the study was separated and grouped on basis of dividend payout, asset size of the firm, age of the firm, source of control, and kind of ownership. On the given sampling criterion; greater asset size firms, older firms, lower Q (high investment opportunity), and high dividend payout firms showed higher cash flow sensitivity towards investment. Findings support that the Low Q, small, and new firms under the generalized model are facing asymmetric information problems. Indeed these firms are expected a priori to face financing problems that affect the cost of their external financing. On the other hand, low Q, old and low dividend firms are more likely to face managerial discretion problems that result to over-investment. The impact of Tobins Q is mainly used to determine the investment opportunity of the firm. In this article, marginal Tobins Q has been taken to evaluate the firms investment and Research Development expenditures. The asymmetric information (AI) hypothesis proposed that firms provided with a profitable investment-project may not be able to source it through internal cash flows and the high financial cost of borrowing funds externally due to lack of awareness of firms investment opportunity in the capital market. On the other hand, agency or managerial discretion (MD) hypothesis constructs the investment-cash flow relationship on the assumption that managers are well qualified in context with proficiency they obtain from managing a huge and fast paced firm and thus exceeding the wealth shareholders beyond their expectations. (Gugler, Mueller, Yurtoglu, 2004) Taking in viewpoint the impact of capital structure on the capital investment decision, firms investment demands is the more susceptible towards cost-of-capital or tax-based capital incentive. Whereas, capital structure seems irrelevant as against internal sources of funds can be effectively substituted with sources of funds generated externally. The size of the investment project can be a deterministic factor towards it. Fazzari, Hubbard, Peterson, Blinder, Poterba (Fazzari, Hubbard, Peterson, Blinder, Poterba, 1988) explicates that cash flow/investment relationship is more sensitive when taken in reference with firms dividend behavior. Comparison based on firms having more or less liquidity constraints can be further improved when compared on a division based on the scale of the firms, i.e. young or small firms versus large ones. This way the researchers can address the problem of firms lacking the asymmetric information. Under the impression where capital investments decisions mainly pertains to the capital structure or choosing the appropriate source of investment, Schaller (Schaller, 1993) conducted three different empirical tests to determine that information asymmetries have a huge influence on the firms investment behavior. Differences among the informational base of investors and creditors was also considered a capital market imperfection. Ownership status and age of the firms has an impact on the cost of equity financing, mature firms pay comparatively less price for it than young firms. Same aspect goes for the firms with concentrated with comparison to dispersed ownership. Borrowing is considered a more rational source for investment-projects. Pledgeable assets generate greater borrowing capacity, which afterwards makes firms invest more in pledgeable assets. As suggested by Almeida Campello (Almeida Campello, 2007), such a phenomenon can be termed as a credit multiplier. In case of financially constrained firms, a multiplier relates to the sensitivity of firms investment-cash flow relationship that is reflected as the increase in the tangible assets of the firm. Therefore, it is proposed that with fewer tangible assets firms are more likely to be financially constrained. The sensitivity of investment-cash flow relationship is evidently influenced by the tangibility of a firm, as latter discussed. Managers while making capital investment decision considers externally-sourced funds costlier, therefore, overconfident managers over assessing the profitability of an investment-project invests more when having abundant internal funds to utilize. However, deciding not to source externally in case where they are short of internal funds to generate. There has been an evidence of significant relationship between the managerial discretion and investment-cash flow sensitivity. Equity concentrated firms are more likely to be influenced by overconfident managers, unless compensation tools can be used to reduce the effects of managerial overconfidence. (Malmendier Tate, 2005) Goyal Yamada (Goyal Yamada, 2004) have explained the impact of asset pricing in the stock market against investment-cash flow sensitivity. Overvalued stock prices triggers an increased in investment spending and are cut back when stock are being undervalued, consequently, inflated prices collateral assets attract higher level of external financing. Inflationary pressures primarily determined by the economic monetary policy impacts on the variation of cost on external financing, though it reflects highly on cost of external financing, marginally impacts less on the investment-cash flow sensitivity. It has been observable that less financially constrained firms have significantly higher investment-cash flow sensitivity. Characterizations of firms based on financial constraint can sometimes create confusion. Firms having unusually high cash holdings can either be characterized as unconstrained based on the opportunities it has to invest or constrained based on the assumption that it needs to have a precautionary savings to invest in future investment projects. Therefore, financial constraints cannot be used as an influential determinant for investment-cash flow sensitivity. (Kaplan Zingales, 1997) Hu Schiantrlli (Hu Schiantarelli, 1998) put into picture the effect of general economic factors and various firms characteristics on the value of the firms net worth. Mainly financial status is the most important determinant for the level of asymmetric information problem that managers face. A strong balance sheet position can reflect good sign of firms performance which enhances the market value of the firms asset to its stake holders, mainly investors and creditors. Q models assumption also assists in determining the sensitivity of the investment-cash flow relationship, where the indicators determine the investment opportunity and the sources of funds to choose from. Understanding the market influence in proxy of q can also give a clear picture to the movements in the firms investment over a period. Net worth of firms helps manager determine if the sourcing of funds externally is a viable option in contrast to the investment opportunity which underlies. (Hubbard, 1998) Research conducted on the investment-cash flow sensitivity addresses many aspects of the firms financial strength. Further study by Calomiris Hubbard (Calomiris Hubbard, 1995) shows that when firms tax taken under investigation also reflected a significant influence on the volume of spending on investment-projects. They explored the impact of surtax margin, as a tax experiment, on the cost of internal and external funds. Surtax when levied on undistributed profits, obligate the firms to incur certain cost on the internal funds. This effects the managers decision to invest and is also reflected on the investment-cash flow sensitivity against the surtax margin. As a result to evade burden of higher cost on internal funds, firms with high surtax-margin exhibits elevated sensitivity in investment-cash flow relationship. Quan (Quan, 2002) discusses the Pecking Order theory with reference to the Modigliana-Miller proposition that works under the assumption of perfect market. Here it is stated that value of the firm is irrelevant and based on a few limitations the choice of financing can be determined via gauging the strength of the firm. These factors pertain to the imperfect market and influence the managers to make their capital investment decision. Once the assumptions are released the financing structure shows a clear picture. The association between Free Cash Flow theory and Agency theory has always been under the limelight when there is a question of retaining the undistributed profits. FCF Theory taken under consideration gives out an option to the management to hold on to excess cash sacrificing the shareholders opportunity cost. These excess funds can be generated to better internal operational efficiency or at managers discrepancy to source its investment-projects. (Wang, 2010) Research Methods The chapter explains the model used in the given research study. The study focuses on analyzing the influence of Cash Flows and Tobins q on Corporate Investment. The equation represented by a dependent variable as a ratio of capital spending to the beginning net fixed asset (I/K) predicted by independent variables: (1) ratio of cash flow to the beginning gross fixed asset (CF/K), and (2) beginning Tobins q (Q). Method of Data Collection Main source of collecting the required data is from secondary sources. It includes the Balance Sheet Analysis of Joint Stock Company listed in Karachi Stock Exchange provided by State Bank of Pakistan consisting of data of our relevant variables. The data was taken in annual terms to conduct this research. Sampling Technique The Convenience sampling or grab or opportunity sampling would be use in this research. Sample population selected because it is readily available and convenient. Sample Size The sample period taken under study covers 8-years period beginning at the start of 2000 and ending at the close of 2008. The data was taken from a sample of 70 (non-banking and non-financial) companies which are listed on Karachi Stock Exchange and included in KSE-100 index. Research Model Statistical technique Ordinary Least Square Regression technique is used to study the impact of variables included in the study. It helps studies the relationship between a dependent variable and several independent variable. It also assumes the relationship to be linear or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“straight line,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? where the values of predictors lies directly proportional to Criterion variable. SPSS Software is used to develop the regression model and evaluate the influence of predictors on dependent variable. Results Findings and interpretation of results Aggregate Sample: Table : Represents the model summary of regression estimates for the full sample of 69 firms The predictors, i.e. main effects of Cash Flow and Tobins q and an interaction variable of both combined, included in the model explains 78.5% of Investment (Table 1) shown mentioned as R Square. Least variation in Adjusted R Square suggests that the variable to observation ratio in the given model is sufficient. Casewise diagnostic was also conducted to eliminate the outliers in the data to improve the results. Table : Studies the F-statistics to test whether the model predicts the dependent variable significantly The F-statistics (Table 2) is significant and it determines the regression model with the given predictors can significantly predict the outcomes at a 0.05 significance level. Table : The parameter estimation for full sample of 69 firms with respect to dependent variable, t-statistics is used to test the null hypothesis ÃŽÂ ²1 = ÃŽÂ ²2 = ÃŽÂ ²3 = 0 The coefficient values of all predators included in the test are significant at a 0.05 significant level (Table 3), which shows that they have a strong influence on the investment of the firm. The standard coefficient shows that Cash Flows have a much greater impact on Investment than market value on the firm, which is exemplified through Tobins q. Dividend Payout groups: Table : Presents the sample statistics for 69 KSE listed (non-banking and non-financial) companies which are included in the KSE-100 index. The three rows distribute the statistics into High, Medium, and Low payout policies. Average dividend-to-income ratios of greater than 0.35, between 0.35 and 0.10, and less than 0.10 define High, Low, and Medium dividend-payout firms, respectively. While studying the dividend-payout groups (Table 4), the descriptive helps to identify characteristics to confirm whether the data being studied has the authenticity and the behavior pattern which commonly related to the groups assigned. The values of Investment, Cash Flow, and Tobins q associated with the groups are in complete correspondence with the hypothetical occurrence. Firms having a higher (lower) dividend payout have greater (lower) market value, and lower(higher) level of cash flows and investments. Table : Represents the model summary of regression estimates of 69 firms split by High, Medium, and Low dividend-payout policies. The model helps explains 81.9%, 66.7%, and 80% data in High, Medium, and Low dividend-payout firms (Table 5), shown in R Square. Least variation in Adjusted R Square suggests that the number of observations is sufficient with respect to variables in each group separately. Table : Studies the F-statistics to test the null hypothesis of ÃŽÂ ²1, H = ÃŽÂ ²1, M = ÃŽÂ ²1, L The F-statistics (Table 6) in each dividend payout group is significant and it determines that each regression model with the given predictors can significantly predict the outcomes at a 0.05 significance level. Table : Shows the parameter estimation for each payout groups with respect to dependent variable, t-statistics is used to test the null hypothesis ÃŽÂ ²1 = ÃŽÂ ²2 = ÃŽÂ ²3 = 0 The coefficient values of predators in High and Low dividend payout groups are all significant at a 0.05 significant level (Table 7), which shows that they have a strong influence on the investment of the firm. Except for Medium dividend payout group, which has insignificant coefficient values of Tobins q, showing no impact on the investment. The standard coefficient shows that Cash Flows have a much greater impact on Investment than market value on the firm, which is exemplified through Tobins q. Hypothesis Assessment Summary Hypothesis Independent Variables B t Sig. Comments Firms cash flow having a significant impact on its capital investment will be linked with high Q values. (FCF Theory) Cash Flow ÃÆ'— Q H0: ÃŽÂ ²3 ÃŽÂ ²3,H = .135 5.295 .000 Rejected ÃŽÂ ² 3,M = .072 .991 .324 ÃŽÂ ² 3,L = .140 5.482 .000 Firms being liquidity constrained due to least payout will have significant investment-cash flow sensitivity, and will be linked with high Q values in the market. (PO Theory) Cash Flow ÃÆ'— Q HA: ÃŽÂ ²3 >0 ÃŽÂ ² 3,H = .135 5.295 .000 Accepted ÃŽÂ ² 3,M = .072 .991 .324 ÃŽÂ ² 3,L = .140 5.482 .000 Dependent Variable: Investment (I/K) Table : Summarizes the results and explains that the hypothesis accepted is directly in correspondence with the aggregate hypothesis. As illustrated (Table 8) capital spending of low payout firms is positively and strongly influenced by the interaction term, consistent with the PO hypothesis, the parameter estimate for the high payout firms are also positive but marginally significant. Conclusion, Discussions, Implications And Future Research Conclusion The results illustrated above demonstrates that the positive relationship between the degree of the Investment-Cash flow relationship and Q represented latter in the aggregate data (Table 3) is concentrated in low or no dividend paying firms. This finding is in further support with the PO hypothesis. Discussions The objective was to study and test the causes of universal relationship between Cash Flow and Investment Spending. Hence, two hypotheses were included in the research to study the source of this relationship: the free cash flow hypothesis (FCF) hypothesis, which works on the assumption that managers prefer investing its free cash flow excessively into investment projects that are not profitable, and the pecking order hypothesis (PO) purports that managers are prone to investment comparatively less than the opportunity provided due asymmetric information-induced liquidity constraint. As advocated in favor of Pecking Order Theory by (Fazzari, Hubbard, Peterson, Blinder, Poterba, 1988) and many others, for groups which consists of small firms with low-dividend payout to fund capital spending, exhibits heavy reliance on cash flow and cash changes. The relationship can be more significantly studied when the impact of larger q value is associated with this group. Evaluating the impact of corporate governance on investment-cash flow relation requires a critical judgment as to how do the firms cash flow and the existing market value influence the investment decision. Financially constraint firms may have a larger impact on liquidity associated matters and managers might take discretion in choosing the right sources to tap. Agency cost may be involved in making such a decision where managers may consider paying dividend as a higher opportunity cost as it reduces the firms free cash flow to exploit new profitable investment projects. Implications and Recommendations In the current market situation where external pressures existing can also be taken into proxy. When managers making a capital investment decision they need to take in view other non-financial aspects that also influences the decisions to a certain extent. Furthermore, financial intermediaries having a certain level of involvement and sharing information sensitive to the market can also be a major factor that might be giving a varying result against Investment. Investing in profitable-investment projects can bring in greater resources to the firm in future and it entails a huge decision burden upon the shoulders of the managers. Shareholders expecting to earn a greater return through investing in them can also be undermined when manager decided to have a low payout policy. Funds generated internally is a possibility where there is a healthy cash flow, but it is also preferable if this free cash is invested into marketable security for allocating the resources into a profitable venture for a time being to make it a positive impression. Future Research In future studies there may be more aspects of cash flow-investment relationship which can be studied for assessing the degree impact it has on this relationship, i.e. sales, debt performance, capital structure, firm size, etc. The research study may also be improved if the observation of firms are increased that will in turn reflect a more clear picture about the relationship in the current scenario.

Comparing Imagery in Flying a Red Kite and The Lamp at Noon :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Imagery in Flying a Red Kite and The Lamp at Noon Imagery is used by many authors as a crucial element of character development. These authors draw parallels between the imagery in their stories and the main characters' thoughts and feelings. Through intense imagery, non-human elements such as the natural environment, animals, and inanimate objects are brought to life with characteristics that match those of the characters involved. Sinclair Ross uses vivid imagery of nature to reflect and influence the emotions of his characters in his short story The Lamp at Noon. The wind is a powerful force that changes with the emotions of Ellen and Paul. Sinclair describes the wind as two separate winds: "the wind in flight, and the wind that pursue[s]" (Atwood/Weaver, 74). Like the wind in flight which cannot escape the wind that pursues it, Ellen cannot escape her isolation. The wind in flight always returns to "quake among the feeble eaves, as if in all this dust-mad wilderness it knew no other sanctuary" (74). Ellen is also forced to seek refuge within her small home, which is also the place where she feels the most secluded. The wind outside often contrasts the silence that is encased inside. During an argument between Paul and Ellen, there is an uncomfortable silence, "a deep fastness of it enclosed by rushing wind and creaking walls"(76). This noise around them makes the silence within even more uncomfortable. Paul later finds the silence comforting when he is in the stable. It is described as a "deep hollow calm within, a vast darkness engulfed beneath the tides of moaning wind" (78). The silence protects him and brings him relief from the dangerous world outside. Unfortunately, the walls seem to weaken against the powerful wind, and "instead of release or escape from the assaulting wind, the walls [are] but a feeble stand against it" (78). Paul begins to understand what Ellen is feeling, and the wind screams like Ellen's cries. As he thinks of ways to restore the land and make Ellen happy, the wind starts to slacken. For a short moment, he feels relief. When he returns to the house, he realizes that Ellen is gone. At this point, the wind whimpers and moans as if it knows Ellen's isolation and Paul's despair. The imagery of the wind is used by Sinclair to intensify the characters' emotions and help the reader understand what the characters are experiencing.

Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) and the Global Economy Essay -- Explo

Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) and the Global Economy Introduction The world we live in today, revolves around technology, new innovations and constant change. The global economy incorporates these changes into its daily applications forming a technological driven world where businesses thrive on information and competitive markets. Computers and communication networks have planted a seed in this information age where enterprises flourish forming revolutionized market economies. One of the most profound changes emerging in the world of business today is the introduction and use of Electronic Commerce or EC. The impact of EC on customer services as well on businesses is dramatic enough to affect any and every organization. Electronic commerce is the buying and selling of products and services and information via a computer network.. It provides opportunities for companies to expand their business worldwide at a small cost. Business to Consumer EC includes business interaction with consumers where companies sell directly to consumers over the Internet. In terms of retail, Business- to – Consumer applications have increased revenues, and eliminated costly intermediaries like distributors, warehousing, etc. In addition, with the development of EC, the use of catalog or television shopping channels are becoming less popular. The former, limits an individual to what is seen on the screen or paper rather than the latter – EC that allows a wide variety of products. Shopping online also offers 24-hour service, the luxury of shopping for an item at your own convenience and detailed information of products and their prices, even when they go on sale! With the use of EC, distribution channels are eliminated maki... ...It benefits consumers immensely by providing convenience and variety. Computers and communication networks have paved the way for a technological driven economy in the last 20 years. Organizations are able to create efficient services and products, resulting in competitive markets, leading to specialization of products and concluding in higher profits and enhanced service. Moreover, the growth of E-commerce obliterates the ‘production focused economy’ of the industrial age and extends the information age to new heights through business services offered using the internet. http://hotwired.lycos.com/special/ene/ Works Cited Efraim Turban, R.Kelly Rainer, Richard E. Potter. Introduction to Information Technology. Toronto: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (2001) Joh Browning and Spencer Reiss. Encyclopedia of the New Economy. (http://hotwired.wired.com/special/ene/)

The Death of Women Wang by Jonathen Spence Essay -- imperial china, chi

It is a common myth to people of Western world that women in imperial China were closeted, constantly subjugated and not allowed to make anything of themselves beyond a good daughter, wife, and mother. To the contrary, women, as mentioned in The Death of Women Wang by Jonathen Spence, had come options open to them, and while certainly they were not as numerous or desirable as those open to men, they did exist [Spence 124]. Six Records of a Floating Life bu Shen Fu portrays women in quite a different light that women of imperial China are generally perceived with; the author's wife is creative, intelligent, spirited and active. She was educated to some degree and would make up spontaneous poems with her husband [Fu 31, 34]. In Chinese literary tradition, women authors are often only briefly touched upon or ignored completely, while in fact there were many of them, some of whom made a living for themselves by writing or painting. There are, in fact, over a dozen examples of women who were published for their writing skills, from the Tang to the Qing, but here the focus in on the Qing, which began officially in 1644 and ended in the 1900's. These short examples are all of 17th-century China, drawn from Women Writers of Traditional China: An Anthology of Poetry and Criticism, edited by Kang-i Sun Chang and Haun Saussy and published by Stanford University Press in 1999. The earliest example comes from before the Qing: Xu Cun, a poet born in Suzhou, Jiangsu province, 1610. She married Chen Zhilin, who became a jinshi in 1637, and later held the titles of Grand Secretary, Junior Guardian, and Grand Guardian of the Hair Apparent. He died in 1666 and five years later Xu Cu petitioned the emperor to have his remains reburied in his h... ... for themselves despite the repressive society they lived in. Women of the Qing and beyond were not all idle or disengaged from the world around them; as has been seen, a respectable number of them were active, engaged individuals with minds of their own and a firm place in the annals literary history. Works Cited â€Å"Qing Dynasty: Seventeenth Century.† Women Writers of Traditional China: An Anthology of Poetry and Criticism. Chang, Kang-I and Haun Saussy. Stanford, CL: Stanford University Press, 1999. 337-429. Print. Fu, Shen. Six Records of a Floating Life. Trans. Leonard Pratt and Chiang Su-hui. New York: Penguin Putnam Inc., 1983. Print. Mann, Susan. The Talented Women of The Zhang Family. Los Angeles, CL: University of California Press, 2007. Print. Spence, Jonathan. The Death of Woman Wang. 1978. New York: Penguin Books, 1979. Print.

Berkeley, California and Terre Haute, Indiana:

Water is a very important resource to all living creatures on earth. It plays a very special role in the world’s climate cycle (The World Weather Project 2010, 1997). As such, studying the water cycle and researching how to keep it sustainable and always available is very essential in every society. For instance, it is relevant to know how the behavior of water cycle in certain location in order to grow crops and plants more efficiently.Water balance is the study which deals with the water cycles. Every place has a different water balance level, and as such, it is calculated differently for every location since soil composition, climate and sources of water is different in every location. Water balance has many components including precipitation, potential and actual precipitation, soil water storage, deficit and surplus (Ritter, 2006).These values are computed to create a water budget for a certain location. This paper considers the comparison of two locations for the underst anding the difference of water budget between the two places. For the purpose of this paper, hypothetical data had been provided for the two locations. These locations are Berkeley, California and Terre Haute, Indiana.

Freedom of Air

* First Freedom of the Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State or States to fly across its territory without landing (also known as a First Freedom Right). * Second Freedom of the Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State or States to land in its territory for non-traffic purposes (also known as a Second Freedom Right). Third Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State to put down, in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from the home State of the carrier (also known as a Third Freedom Right). * Fourth Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State to take on, in the territory of the first State, traffic destined for the home State of the carrier (also known as a Fourth Freedom Right). Fifth Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State to put down and to take on, in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from or destined to a third State (also known as a Fifth Freedom Right). ICAO characterizes all â€Å"freedoms† beyond the Fifth as â€Å"so-called† because only the first five â€Å"freedoms† have been officially recognized as such by international treaty. Sixth Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, of transporting, via the home State of the carrier, traffic moving between two other States (also known as a Sixth Freedom Right). The so-called Sixth Freedom of the Air, unlike the first five freedoms, is not incorporated as such into any widely recognized air service agreements such as the â€Å"Five F reedoms Agreement†. Seventh Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State, of transporting traffic between the territory of the granting State and any third State with no requirement to include on such operation any point in the territory of the recipient State, i. e the service need not connect to or be an extension of any service to/from the home State of the carrier. Eighth Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, of transporting cabotage traffic between two points in the territory of the granting State on a service which originates or terminates in the home country of the foreign carrier or (in connection with the so-called Seventh Freedom of the Air) outside the territory of the granting State (also known as a Eighth Freedom Right or â€Å"consecutive cabotage†). Ninth Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege of transporting cabotage traffic of the granting State on a service performed entirely within the territory of the granting State (also known as a Ninth Freedom Right or â€Å"stand alone† cabotage). Source: http://www. icao. int/icao/en/trivia/freedoms_air. htm

Marketing Research Report Essay

Irresponsible human behaviours are impacting the environment. Therefore, environmental concern groups and also the governments around the world are trying to do something hoping to change people’s attitude towards environmentally friendly issues. This report aims at predicting the factors that motivate consumers to engage in environmentally friendly purchase behaviours. Convenience sampling of non-probability techniques was used to collect data. The data collected was then analysed by regression analysis, t-test and ANOVA. It was found out that political and technological factors have a positive relationship with environmental concern while success or anthropocentric have a negative relationship with environmental concern. Furthermore, environmental concern has a positive relationship with direct and indirect environmentally friendly behaviour and willingness to pay for environmentally friendly purchase behaviour. However, the relationships were not strong. Therefore, it is re commended that a further, more in-depth research should be conducted to find out the substantial factors that affect consumers’ environmentally friendly purchase behaviour. 1. Introduction and Background 1.1 Importance of the research In recent years, there were one after another blockbusting environmental related movie, for instances, The Day After Tomorrow in 2004, An Inconvenient Truth in 2006 and 2012 in 2009. These popular movies have undoubtedly increase people’s awareness towards climate change issues. According to World Wide Fund for Nature (2010), the average temperatures on earth have warmed by about 0.76 degree Celsius over the past 2 centuries (WWF, 2010). The increases in temperature make huge changes for the world’s climate even thought the temperature rise seems insignificantly small. Researches after researches show that this environmental problem is primarily caused by irresponsible human activities like private consumption. As a result, it is necessary for us to educate and raise the awareness of the publics so that environmental problems will not be worsening. This  quantitative research is based on the collective findings of the qualitative exploratory research conducted earlier to investigate whether or not consumers engage in environmental consideration when making consumption decisions more thoroughly. 1.2 Scope The scope of the report is to find out the factors that may affect consumers’ environmentally friendly behaviour through the qualitative research, so that marketers may make meaningful decisions based on the data collected. This research will also provide recommendations to green organisations and the federal government on how to address the environmentally unfriendly purchase behaviour. 1.3 Research problem A research problem should feasible and clear. The research problem of this research is to predict motivations that may affect consumers’ environmentally friendly purchase behaviour. 1.4 Aims and Objectives The aim and objective of this research is to look for differences between samples and come up with a conclusion. This research also aims at testing two main groups of hypotheses. 1) Social beliefs, materialism will have a negative relationship with environmental concern * The social beliefs include technological belief, political belief, economy belief, anthropocentric belief and competition belief. * Materialism includes success, centrality and happiness. 2) Environmental concern has positive indirect behaviour, willingness to pay, direct behaviour 2. Methodology 2.1 Methodological considerations and assumptions This research, quantitative research, was based on the data gather from a qualitative exploratory research which was carried out previously. The purpose of qualitative exploratory research is to narrow and clarify the scope and nature of the research problem. Exploratory research helps researchers understand the research problem and then transform ambiguous problem into well-defined ones. From the quantitative research, two groups of variables, namely materialism and social values, were identified. This  quantitative research was conducted to find out which variables may have a stronger relationship with the dependent variables which are mentioned in section 1.4. 2.2 Sample considerations The target audiences of this research are any people live in Australia and are accountable for making purchase decisions. Respondents should understand English and be 18 years old or above. However, gender, marital status and educational level of respondents are not restricted in this research. 2.3 Data collection and framework, and analytical considerations Research was conducted through survey as a follow on from exploratory research conducted by face-to-face interview. This research was conducted by using a written questionnaire on a convenience sample. Convenience sampling, which is one of the non-probability techniques, â€Å"refers to sampling by obtaining the people or units that are most conveniently available† (Zikmund, Ward, Lowe & Winzar, 2007). Convenience sampling is inexpensive and quick. 1022 surveys were collected, 449 male and 573 female respondents. Since this research was trying to find out relationships between factors rather than analysing changes in a sam e sample, cross-sectional analysis was used. 3. Ethical Considerations In a research, ethic is one of the very important items that could not be missed. Ethics in researches are important because it supports the objective of a research, such as knowledge, truth and avoidance of error (Rensnik, 2010). Rensnik (2010) continues that ethics in a research is important also because it involves public privacy. As a result, ethical consideration has to treat carefully in a research so that the research is ethical and considerable. There are six ethical principles that have to be considered in a research according to American Marketing Association (2010), and they are responsibility, fairness, respect, transparency and citizenship. In other words, researchers have to be responsible for the consequences of their marketing decision; they also have to judge a fair balance between consumers and sellers. Furthermore, researchers have to respect human rights of all respondents involving in the research process. Researchers also have to make every effort to communicate clearly with all respondents so to strive for a high transparency of the research. Last but not least,  contributing to the community such as providing good recommendations is also considered as ethical in a research. To address all the ethical considerations above, each respondent would be asked to sign an interview consent form (see Appendix A) before the start of the survey, indicating that the interviewees do not only understands the purpose and risk of this research, but also know where to go when they have any concerns or complaints regarding the conduct of the research.

Discussion Topic about Personal Insurance

Permanent life insurance is similar to term except they do not expire and they include a death benefit with a savings portion in the policy. The policy will build cash value as the owner pays premium fees over time. There are two types of permanent life insurance and those are Whole and Universal life policies. It takes time for cash value to accumulate but when it does the insurer is entitled to living benefits as needed.Dividends are a type of living benefit. They are invested portions of money that has gained value over the years. You can now get money for this in the form of checks or one lump sum to take care of yourself in the event of terminal illness or other unforeseen circumstances. Dividends are a return on premiums therefore are considered passive income and will not be taxed. They can also be used to purchase additional coverage without proving insurability in most policies.The nonforfeiture benefits are basically a type of insurance on your insurance. In the event that you cancel your policy or it lapses after being in affect for so long, you get something back. You do pay for the service when you open the policy. It is an option but without it, if you have hard times and cancel or lapsed, you would get nothing. With this option you can also still get lowered benefits with some policies.The settlement options are basically how your policy will pay the benefits. This can be installments or in a lump sum. There is also an option to pay interest over time. Some settlement options will allow the insurer to hold the proceeds and pay the beneficiary interest until death.All of these living benefit options are important. Insurance is a cushion to those still living because it creates a reliable plan for those that will be responsible for the final arrangements. Works Cited: Dearborn Financial Publishing. Principles of Retirement Planning; Chicago: Random, 1999

Skills Required to Work as a Deputy Events Manager Essay

Skills Required to Work as a Deputy Events Manager - Essay Example Thus, while the academic qualifications serves to indicate that the individual has sufficient knowledge on the field they are to work, the industrial perspective seeks the expertise that the individual has gained while working in that industry. Thus, to work as a Deputy Events Manager, there are some qualifications and skills deemed necessary. These skills include: The possession of excellent communication skills is one of the relevant qualifications for this post. Without communication, nothing can progress, since it is out of communication that the customer, organization and employee needs can be identified and effectively addressed (Armstrong, 1989 p188). A well developed and all round individual is desired for this position, where writing as well as verbal communication is useful. Verbal communication is more of how you pass the relevant information to others, than it is what you say. Considering that one of the roles that the individual has to play after being hired is to develo p audience growth through marketing and promotional activities, then, excellent communication becomes inevitable. ... This will enhance the ability of the manager to oversee the writing and design of the promotional materials (Hall, 2003 p167). The inability of such a potential employee to connect well with the organization members or his inability to coordinate the development of relevant promotional material due to lack of relevant communication skills would mean the downfall of the organization. Even though technology has played a greater role in assisting individuals to communicate through the provisions of various communication platforms, it does not erode the fact that an individual’s communication skills is a key to enhancing teamwork and cooperation within an organization (Bill, 2011 p28). Lack of such skills is detrimental to the organization in that, the manager may fail to offer suitable leadership to his subordinates, by failing to communicate effectively, on the roles they are supposed to undertake. This further undermines the execution of duties by the subordinate employees, res ulting to chaos and underperformances. Without sufficient communication skills, the individual may not be able to resolve conflicts, both between the subordinates or the organization members, which is a very vital aspect of leadership (Jonathan, 2010 p13). Thus, the possession of these skills is not an option for the prospective event manager. Employee focus and customer service skills are relevant for the prospective occupier of this office. The ability of the individual to connect and entertain the customers of this organization is a skill that the individual suitable for this position cannot do without, anyway. Customers are the most important focus for any business or organization, in that, without customers, then, an organization has no business being in existence (Budd, 2004 p33). The

The concepts related to supply and demand Term Paper

The concepts related to supply and demand - Term Paper Example This can be affected by various changes in the economy for example inflation, fashion etc. Supply is the term used to refer to the availability of a commodity in the market. The demand and supply of a commodity exhibit a high correlation which is determined by price (Fisher 2007 p 15). The law of demand states that; the lower the price, the higher the demand but under normal circumstances. On the other hand, the law of supply states that an increase in the price of a commodity results to an increase in its supply. This essay is an evaluation of the various concepts of supply and demand. The law of demand states that the lower the price of a commodity, the higher its demand (Fisher 2007 p 20). This means that the prices of items determine the willingness of a customer to buy an item. This rule though has its exceptions which may involve circumstances that may result from quality and quantity. In that aspect, a customer may refuse to buy an item for example a vehicle which is cheap but which is highly depreciated even though it may be selling at a lower price than a new one. The quantity of the item being bought may also influence the customer towards buying a commodity due to the requirements he may be wishing to satisfy (Gorman 2003 p 14). For example, a packet of fertilizer may be selling at a price of $30 for 50 Kg. A similar bag of fertilizer may also be selling at a cheaper price but in a 30 Kg package. In this case, the demand for the 50 Kg package would not be affected since the consumer would be buying according to the vastness of the area the fertilizer is to be applied. However, the law of demand under the normal circumstances can be represented on a demand curve, whereby the effects of price change on demand can be represented. This curve shows the difference in the quantity demanded as compared to the price change. When the price is at the lowest i.e. P1, the demand becomes high i.e. Q3. When the prices are high i.e. P3, the

Violent Video Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Violent Video Games - Essay Example However, the diversity of these video games is threatening. Many of these games are violent in nature. Examples of violent video games are: Killer Instinct, Mortal Kombat and Sega's Primal Rage. All these games deal with fighting and killing the opponent in the most terrible and cruel way possible. Many of the more recent violent video games are modifications and are influenced by the above mentioned games. According to Dill, "Provenzo (1991) studied the most popular video games and noted that 40 out of 47 were violent in nature." Several other studies are mentioned by Dill, all of which support the idea that most of the video games are violent in nature. This research seeks to discover the degree of influence of the violent video games to selected college students. Inevitably and naturally, the players are affected by the games they play. This study will try to find out the causal relationship between violent video game and aggression. This will try to prove the hypothesis that the exposure of the students to video game violence increase aggressive behavior and other aggression related phenomena. Specifically, the study will answer the question: Does playing violent video game increase aggressiveness This research will use 40 respondents, 20 males and 20 females. ... The researcher will determine the video game to be played. Immediately after playing the video games, their cardiovascular measures (blood pressure and heart rate) will be taken then immediately they will be asked to answer the questionnaire. The IV (independent variable) will be the video games and the DV (dependent variable) will be the cardiovascular measures and the questionnaire. They must not take alcohol, caffeine, cigarettes and any drugs that may affect their behavior prior to the experiment. The following is a list of the video games that will be played by the respondents. The violent games are: Dark Forces (The player assumes the role of a special ops guy in the Rebellion aiming to steal the Death star plans and to get out alive. Weapons like a blaster rifle and laser pistol are used to kill enemy guards and storm troopers.); Marathon 2 (The shooter is a space marine trapped in a base that is taken over by aliens. His goal is to retake the base and not die, shooting at anything that moves.); Speed Demon (The player drives a heavily armed vehicle in a race with other armed vehicles. One gets points by destroying other vehicles.); Street Fighter (This is similar in many ways to Mortal Kombat. The player chooses a character and then engages in a series of fights with other characters.); and Wolfenstein 3D (The player assumes the role of B.J. Blascowitz, an American soldier caught and taken prisoner trying to infiltrate a top-secret Nazi lab. There are several deadly weapon s and he shots at all things that move). The nonviolent games are: 3D Ultra Pinball (This is simply an electronic version of a pinball game, complete with flippers, buzzers, bells, and various visual and auditory effects); Glider Pro (Players of this game control the forward and

What Is Humes Theory Regarding Causation How Does It Show The Limits Essay

What Is Humes Theory Regarding Causation How Does It Show The Limits Of Human Understanding - Essay Example They try to knock at the levels of spirituality, but due to their egoistic approach of trying to know the necessary connection, they get stuck up. They are unable to transcend the mind level, and enter the realm of bliss, where there are no differences. It is the conflict-free zone. For every mind-level argument there is a counter argument. By such arguments the solution is impossibility. Whether the philosophers like Hume agree or not, theory regarding Causation cannot be solved by applying secular methods of proofs. Human understanding, power of discriminations has limitations. â€Å"The Philosopher David Hume is famous for making us realize that until we know the Necessary Connection / cause of things then all human knowledge is uncertain, merely a habit of thinking based upon repeated observation (induction), and which depends upon the future being like the past.† This is an example of getting stuck at the mind-level. By mind-level thinking, the functioning and limitations of the mind cannot be understood. The power that is above the mind can only understand and control the mind. For example, the Major in the army takes orders from Colonel, the higher authority. Further, look at the wavering mind and how David Hume tries to grope in the dark, hankering to see the light. â€Å"I must confess that a man is guilty of unpardonable arrogance who concludes, because an argument has escaped his own investigation, that therefore it does not really exist. I must also confess that, though all the learned, for several ages, should have employed themselves in fruitless search upon any subject, it may still, perhaps, be rash to conclude positively that the subject must, therefore, pass all human comprehension.† Good confession by Hume, but what next? â€Å"Every action has an equal and opposite reaction,† this is the third of Sir Isaac Newton’s Laws of physics. Application of this law is not only confined to the space flights science, but to the entire universe. The intensity and magnitude, with which an act is performed, will necessarily have an equivalent effect in the opposite direction. It means that the intensity of your action i s directly related to the intensity of its effect being experienced by you. No act goes unnoticed or unaccounted. A human being must strive to get and experience the knowledge of both the outer physical and inner psycho-spiritual world. Hume must know that there is something beyond the sensory experiences, known as metaphysical experience or the supra-sensory experience. The lower knowledge of the empirical world is kindergarten stuff as compared to the supra-sensory experiences. Hume asserts as stated in paragraph one above, â€Å"until we know the Necessary Connection / cause of things then all human knowledge is uncertain.† What is the remedy then and is there a procedure to know the â€Å"connection and the cause†? The different approaches to everything, physical, social, religious, cultural, scientific, even all the cosmic occurrences seem to be following just â€Å"One Cause.† The one who realizes the truth about that â€Å"One Cause† does not give much relevance to the mundane occurrences of daily life to conclude that â€Å"future being like the past,† as articulated by Hume. Intellectual philosophers (like Hume) remain unaware of the Cause of grand unification of everything because they are experiencing only on the physical level, which is just the part of the Cause. The Cause cannot be known by physical instruments and experiments. One has to dive within to know it. One cannot watch every part of the macrocosm but can look inside the microcosm to know the Cause which is reflected inside. The journey from

Research design (Qualitative, Quantitative, and mixed methods Paper

Design (Qualitative, Quantitative, and mixed methods approaches) - Research Paper Example The use of sub-questions would be useful exploring the answers to the research question. Qualitatively written questions help in gaining an understanding of essential reasons, motivations, and opinions. It offers perceptions into the problem or rather helps in developing ideas or assumptions for prospective quantitative research. In addition, qualitative research is used to expose trends in opinions, and expound further into the problem (Petty, Thomson, & Stew, 2012). The techniques for data collection in qualitative research methodology include individual interviews, focus group, and observation. All of these will be useful in researching Green Logistics Chain and Issues because the sample size remains typically small also requires an exploratory research approach. The two forms of writing quantitative research questions include descriptive research questions and comparative research questions. Descriptive research questions aim at describing the variables being measured (Petty, Thomson, & Stew, 2012). The word describe implies that the research questions seek to quantify variables one intends to measure. For instance, the question that begins like, how much, how often, and what percentage are usually used in describing quantifiable variables. Descriptive research questions concentrate on just one variable and a group though they can comprise multiple variables or even groups. Comparative research questions seek to examine the variances between two groups on single dependent variables. Such questions typically begin by asking "what is the variation in" (Amelina, 2012). Descriptive research questions are essential for the quantitative research in answering this topic. For instance, how much CO2 results from Freight transport emissions. The desc riptive research question will attempt to find out the quantity or amount of CO2. Mixed methods research questions apply various

Gap Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gap Analysis - Essay Example Today, California program has led to an improved patients health care needs. There has been complaining of burn out effects experienced by nurses both locally and internationally. With increasing health care demands, the number of nurses employed has been constantly undesirable. The impact is a reduction in standards of health care advanced to the patients, and the nurse-patient contact has significantly reduced. According to 2010 study by University of Pennsylvania, 29% of the nurses interviewed in California complained of excessive work and burned out effect (Levin 2013). In addition, 34% in New Jersey and 36% in Pennsylvania highlighted lack of minimum staff requirement as a great hindrance to quality health care (Levin 2013). High number of staff employed translates to quality of care given to patients. Where there are few nurses, there are a high number of complication of diseases and sadly, deaths. A comparative analysis of the two states indicated that there were 13.9% fewer surgical deaths in California than of New Jersey. Besides, according to the 2007 Medical Care Report, it proved that an increase of one Registered Nurse (RN) per patient translated to 24% reduction in time taken by the patient in the intensive care unit. Besides, there was a 31% reduction of time take in the surgical unit (Levin 2013). Basing on the consistency of the information, it is, therefore, important to enforce nurse-patient ratio. Evidence-Based Practice is consistent on the importance of having one nurse to one patient in intensive care unit while one nurse for six patients is desirable in surgical cases. The nursing staff ratio is critical in ensuring timely and appropriate nursing care is given to the patients. Levin (2013) states that the Nurse-patient ratio has been the subject of discussion in the health care for a few decades. As primary health care givers, their role is holistic, this is an evolutionary approach in responding to the