The Scarlet Letter Intro Essay Example for Free

The Scarlet Letter Intro EssayIn the 16th blow, Puritans immigrated to the States from Great Britain in fellowship to escape religious persecution, and by the mid 17th century they had erected a well established society based on their theological beliefs. The Puritan religion was one of austerity and geared towards spiritual devotion rather than worldly possessions. Puritans followed rigid laws which rarely changed with time. They in any case had little valuation reserve for anyone who broke these laws. Individuals who did violate these laws however, faced punishment on various levels and would absorb to prove their contriteness to themselves and society. The Scarlet Letter, set in mid 17th century Boston, portrays such forms of repentance from two perspectives. The author, Nathaniel Hawthorne, constructs the plot to revolve around the journey of repentance of two characters Hester Prynne and Rev. Dimmesdale. Both characters have committed the blasphemous sin of adultery together, but however Hester has been punished for it, whereas Dimmesdale has yet to be discovered for his involvement in the misdeed.Hesters severe punishment is to carry the eternal burden of the ruddy letter A, a symbol that apprises everyone of her status as an adulterer, and outcasts her from the rest of society. Even though she is shunned by society, Hester still manages to perpetrate acts of penance to atone for her sin. However, Hester is not the only character who seeks repentance Rev. Dimmesdale self-inflicts punishment as a form of penance. end-to-end the novel, both characters strive to achieve true repentance, a whole steping of remorse which recognizes from the soul. As committed as they are to atoning for their sin, neither Hester nor Dimmesdale truly ever reach the state of repentance. Their failure to achieve true repentance can be sensed finished their similar goals of penitence and their different forms of punishment.Through the course of the novel, Hawtho rne constantly evinces analogs and similiarities between the journeys of penance of both Hester and Dimmesdale. Both journeys for repentance end in the same(p) place failure to feel remorse for their sin. In chapter 17, Hawthorne finally brings Hester and Dimmesdale together in an intimate setting since their committing of adultery. A literal and metaphorical symbol of their parallel journey. The lovers meet up in the forest, a dark place symbolic of evil, to speak privately for the first time in years about their plans for the future. Throughout the novel the reviewer has been able to track the acts of penance, however, it has never been plainly stated that these acts of penance have been in vain and no true repentance has come from them. Hawthorne decides that in this chapter both characters will blatantly state their failure to repent. In this chapter, Hester states to Dimmesdale, What we did had a consecration of its own (203).Hester has not only failed to repent at this point, but she has also stated that their adultery has had a valid purpose. Due to the fact that Pearl has come out of their fornication, she has not wronged in stating this but, any individual who has truly repented for their fulfil would be too remorseful to justify their misdeed. Literary critic, Samuel Chase Coale, summarizes Hesters vain journey for repentance by writing that her public show of ruthfulness and repentance is in reality a hollow rite, not genuine penitence (Coale 37).In parallel, Dimmesdale admits his lack of regret for his adultery with Hester. Of the two, Dimmesdale journey has been the most loaded in penance, yet, like Hester, his journey of penance has ended in failure. He openly admits, Of penance, I have had enough Of penitence, there has been none (200). Dimmesdale does not feel the least bit sorry for his sin with Hester. Hawthorne parallels their journey for the goal of repentance for 17 chapters, until he finally brings about their ultimate failure. This l ength of time allowed the reader to view two similar, simultaneous journeys which ultimately ends literally and metaphorically in one place, failure in the forest, a place of evil, sin, and insincere penance.Although both Hester and Dimmesdale have had a similiar goal of true repentance, the details of their journey are entirely different. Hawthorne structures the novel like this for various reason, the most obvious being redundancy. If Hawthorne had made Dimmesdales and Hesters journey exactly alike, the story would seem extremely redundant and would lose the interest of the reader. On the other hand, Hawthorne creates this contrast in their journeys in order to establish some social commentary. He establishes a journey of penance through two different conflicts, person vs. society and person vs. self. Hester penance, of course, is established through person vs. society. Spatial relationships, those based on the placement of images within the text, reveal a set of structures and co des that embody the social organization of a community, both in terms of its ideology and its culture. How one is seen and for what reasonsand what is being seensuggest the nature of social powers at work in early Boston.Thus when Hester emerges from the prison to stand fully revealed (52) to begin with the crowd, she is moving from enclosed darkness to open sunshine, from the present enclosure of her crime into the public gaze that has branded her a criminal. Hawthorne has made so much of the prison to begin with, however, that no matter how precious the open air now seems, to step from that prison and mount the scaffold is to move from one enclosed piazza to another, each underscored by the whole dismal severity of the Puritanic code of law (52) as embodied in the people and the magistrates who fasten their thousand stiff eyes (57) upon her. Their eyes become our eyes, for we as readers are as interested in observing the spectacle, in order to understand exactly what is going on, as they are, although unlike us they do so assured of justice in their gaze. In contrast, Dimmesdale, faces internal conflict in the form of person vs. self. He self inflicts torture as a form of his penance in an attempt to repent.Both protagonist, Hester and Dimmesdale have failed to reach a similar goal of true repentance through very distinct journeys.

Why Chinese mothers are superior Essay Example for Free

why Chinese m otherwises argon superior Es scanThis Wall Street Journal is very true most the way Chinese parents raise their children, and how they raise them is how they leave behind grow. Each person has their own opinion on how their child should be brocaded and taught. In Amy Chuass Why Chinese Mothers are Superior an article from the Wall Street Journal, she explains the difference mingled with Chinese parenting and Western parenting. Her be dissimulationf is if you are hard and strict on a child they will be successful and go far in life, unlike westerner parents who make excuses for their child for being unsuccessful. Many stack think that since Chinese parents are so hard on their children that they dont care or love them only when its complete opposite, they just expect a different and unique parenting role. Amy Chuas is a professor at Yale Law School and author of Day of pudding stone and World on Fire. Her argument in this article is in her ethos, from the beg inning she stated her character as the stern and demanding and dont care attitude type of mother. Chuas is the author of this and she is constantly canvass and contrasting Western parenting from Chinese parenting, she mainly defends Chinese ways and almost guilt trips Western parents and puts them down.She states, First Ive noticed that Western parents are extremely burning astir(predicate) their childrens self esteem. She is implying that they want their children to do true(p), but are concerned about their feelings will be if they dont succeed at something, that is why they are always encouraging them to do well behaved, and interpret their best. Western parents are worried about their childrens intellect, where Chinese parents arent, Chinese parents suppose hardness and part unlike vulnerability and this explains why they act so contrasting.Amy Chuas seems to be open to both sides of this argument but still stands tall and supports her own beliefs and opinions which makes her a novel and open minded author in which more people will honor her for her beliefs instead of looking down on her for having her own opinions. Ive noticed that she is content with facing people who want to argue with her belief of parenting skills, and is readily given to listening to other peoples arguments that disagree with her. Amy Chuas uses her pathos as an bold customary humor, and is looking down at westerners for how they raise their children.Amy likes to discuss what Western parents want to do to act and be like the Chinese but in all reality Western parents know they cant be like how Chinese parents are toward their children even though they would like to think they are crude and tough on their discipline. What i think is interesting is that her own husband has an argument out against her when he states Children dont choose their parents, so its the parents province to provide for them basically making a pled for the Western side of this argument.With all this b eing said she tried to have a good comeback for him but she failed to do so because her request is damaged because she is not thinking in a neutral state of mind. She really didnt have much to say, other than of course all parents out there want to see their children do good and succeed and achieve lifetime goals to help better their self.Its like she contradicts her confidential information because she says she disproves how Western parenting is and then turns upright around like i stated earlier that all parents are the same, and if they care for their children then they only what want is right for their children. Amy Chuas states in the beginning and tells us the percentages of Western and Chinese mothers who agree that children stressing with their school and academics that it isnt good for them. Stressing with learning and any type of struggling isnt good for children especially at such a young age because this is a crucial time in their life, but all of the Chinese mothers t hought this was good for their children.They think that if their child is under some sort of pressure they will try harder and when they are strapped with school work it will make them even try harder to succeed, and this is where all the moms stood fundament Amy and could relate to why she thought this way. Chaus makes 1 / 2 this confusing for the reader, especially when calling her daughter trash and making her feel unserviceable when she didnt do good on a test but since we dont know what her daughter really did this could be a lie or her exaggerating just to get us to picture her point. She doesnt intricate when she says what decent parents really are and what is best for children.I feel if she is going to say that she should go into more detail and explain her argument and point of view better, even with all her exaggeration there is no certain ways answer in stone to decide what conditions a excellent parent has. I like the fact she has made it very clear that there are di fferences between Western and Chinese parents. She is just stating that her parents must have raised her this way so apparently their is a long line of Chinese history behind her so she is just carrying out the family tradition, and raise her daughter this way.For her this culture of changing would be hard to do because the reason of her essay was to differ Western from Chinese and of course we expect her to think the Chinese way is more efficient. The audience is whoever decides to read this and i feel as if she wants them to take in so they will take in all what she has said into consideration and change their mind to the way she sees stuff. This topic is very eye catching and really makes you think about how many different ways their is to raise your children and how different nationalities teach and want their children to grow up.Amy Chua thinks being hard on children while they are young and criticizing them academically when doing wrong they will grow into a successful adult o ne day. This article might not be effective but it does help you to understand and explain why Chinese mothers are superior and how Western ones are not. I think teaching them freedom and independence is what is better, not scolding them for acquire a B when we all know thats a good grade to get.Teaching them independence and how to make choices that will follow them until their older is what should be more important. Either way she does have a good static of parenting children and it shows because so many Chinese people really are successful and its because their parents raised them this way and that is all they know. You can ask anyone today about Chinese parents and most of them will tell you that they are hard on their children because that is all they know, and they are just passing how they were raised in return hoping their kids raise their children the same way. Chua, Amy.Amy Chua Is a Professor at Yale Law School and Autho Od Day of Empire and World on Fire. The Wall Stre et Journal. Dow Jones angstrom unit Company, 8 Jan. 2011. Web. 19 Sept. 2014. Chua, Amy. Western Parents Are Extremly Anxious about Their Childrens Self Esteem. The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones amp Company, 8 Jan. 2011. Web. 19 Sept. 2014. Chua, Amy. Children Dont Choose Their Parents, so Its the Parents Responsibility to Provide for Them. The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones amp Company, 8 Jan. 2011. Web. 19 Sept. 2014. 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The Characteristics Of Financial Statement Accounting Essay

The Characteristics Of moprofitary Statement business relationship system EssayThe main purpose of this assignment is to determine the five types of invoice ingestionrs, their ask for Continental especial(a) pecuniary parameter, prep argond an income averment and counter sense of end sheet with necessary working for Continental restrict for year terminateing 31 declivity 2010 for the internal use, prepared the income line of reasoning and balance sheet of Continental expressage for year shoemakers lasting 31 Dec 2010 in accepted format for outside reporting or publication and, an appropriate identifying proportionalitys for year ending 31 Dec 2010 forget be prepared base on income teaching and balance sheet which done on project 2 and undertaking 3. Last, industry second-rates reserved to access amplificationability and liquidity of Continental special will be compared.Firstly, the reckoning users eject be categories into internal users and external use rs. Internal users includes of creditors, suppliers, investors, tax authorities, government agencies, customers, and fiscal analysts or adviser. Internal users are the users that inside or in spite of appearance an arranging, it is usually includes of managers, employees, and shareholders. Next, the 5 characteristics of financial educational activity is comparability, reliability, timely, relevance, and accuracy.Table of Content PagesIntroduction 3Introduction to task 1 4The 5 types of accounting users and their needs. 4-5The 5Characteristics of Financial Statement 6-7Conclusion for task 1 73.0 Introduction for task 2 83.1 The process of preparing income disceptation and balance sheet for 8-16Continental Limited3.2 Conclusion for task 2 164.0 Introduction to Task 3 174.1 Classify expenses into share cost and Administrative expenses. 17-204.2 Conclusion for task 3 205.0 Introduction for Task 4 215.1 Calculation of accounting ratio 22-235.2 Comparison among Continental Limited a nd Industry Averages to Assess 24Profitability5.3 Comparison between Continental Limited and Industry Averages to Assess 25Liquidity5.4 Conclusion for task 4 266.0 Conclusion and passport 277.0 Reference 28-29Introduction history is a system where an organization uses to record all the melodic line organisation proceeding. It can help organization to analysis their business performance or make any business decision. According to Michael Russell, he demonstrates that account is a recording of financial or money transactions.In task 1, the five types of accounting users and their needs for ContinentalLimited financial statement will be defined. Besides, the five regulatory characteristics of the financial statements that help to provide utilitarian information to those accounting users will be explain too. Accounting users is the people who need accounting information to make decisions, invest, planning and bud mystifying.In task 2, an income statement and balance sheet with necess ary working for Continental Limited for year ending 31 Dec 2010 for the internal use by company directors and guidance will be prepared. Income statement can help organization to note down the expenses and profit and it usually prepared for 1 time in years.In task 3, the income statement and balance sheet of Continental Limited for year ending 31 Dec 2010 in accepted format for external reporting or publication will be prepared. Which is means that after the income statement and balance sheet of Continental Limited prepared, it will be shown to the public or outsiders for external reporting.In task 4, an appropriate accounting ratios for year ending 31 Dec 2010 will be prepared base on income statement and balance sheet which done on task 2 and task 3. Next, the industry averages provided to access profitability and liquidity of Continental Limited will be compared.2.0 Introduction for Task 1In task 1, 5 types of accounting users and their needs for the financial statement of Conti nental Limited will be discussed. Next, the 5 regulatory characteristics of these financial statements that will provide useful information to the users will also be defined in this task.2.1 The 5 types of accounting users and their needs.Users of accounting can be categories into external users and internal users. External users are the users outside of the organization which includes of creditors, suppliers, investors, tax authorities, government agencies, customers, and financial analysts or adviser. Internal users are the users that inside or within an organization, it is usually includes of managers, employees, and shareholders.The first type of accounting users is managers of the company. Manager is a person who in charge in overseeing and manage all the activities of others working which includes of planning, organizing, steer and controlling. Accounting information is needed to a manager to know that whether the organization are earning or losing. Accounting information als o helps managers in making business decision because it can let manager know that the current financial situation of an organization. Besides, it also helps managers to know how much their customers owe and how much they owe to their suppliers. Accounting information also helps managers in organization budgeting process by know the financial situation of the organization and allocate the money to from each one department wisely. Accounting information are important to managers to en accepted their business are managed efficiently and effectively.The second type of accounting users is suppliers or creditors. providers are the person who provide or supply products or services and in return get an agreed payment. But usually suppliers didnt have becoming communication and less interact among each others. Suppliers need to know an organization accounting information to know the current financial situation of an organization whether the organization able to pay the debts that the organ ization owe. Supplier also includes of money lenders such as bank or landlord. So, if they want to lend money to the organization, they had to check the current financial situation to make sure they will be able to pay back in in store(predicate).The third type of accounting users is investors. The people who wish to invest to an organization with expectation to get back reasonable profit in return are known as investors. So, they need to know rough the organization account information to card the performance of the organization and see whether it is worth to invest or world power bring expiration to the investorsThe forth type is the employees of the organization. Employees is the people who are recruit by the organization and use to provide products and services and get recompense in return. They must know the account information of an organization to insure employees benefits or grant funding is able to pay to them. The fifth type is the shareholders or owners of the com pany. They are the boss of the company, so they were needed to know the performance of the organization and determine the future plan. Besides, they also need to know the accounting information to know how much they can withdraw as dividend payment.So, these are the five types of accounting users that use financial information to fulfill their different types of needs.2.2 The Characteristics of Financial StatementFinancial statement is a document that use to record down all the business transaction or the organization financial activities. Financial statement are includes of trial balance sheet and income statement.The first characteristic of financial statement is relevance. Relevance is use to generate more information to helps all accounting users in decision making. It can help accounting users to predict future outcome such as profit or outrage. To ensure the accounting information are accurate, so those financial account prepare based on accounting concepts and policies prese nt must be relevant which is capable of influencing the economic decision of the users.The second characteristic of financial statement is timely. Timely is referring to the information which is present or past. So that the accounting information that accounting users received are trustworthy and useful in helping them make any decision. If the account information not prepared to provide information in time, it will change the decision making of accounting users which might cause loss.The third characteristic of financial statement is accuracy. Accuracy is about how preciseness of the financial statement of an organization that provides many important information to all accounting users. If the financial statement are not accurate or made in past time, it may cause many problem to an organization in planning their future activities and affect the decision making of accounting users.The next characteristic is reliability. Financial statement must be reliability to make sure that it can fulfill accounting users needs. A financial statement is reliability when it able to reflects the substance of transaction to present faithfully and truly what has already happened. Next is the financial statement are done free from warp and it is neutral. Last, the financial statement must in prudent and realistic where there is any uncertainty.The last characteristic of financial statement is redeability. A financial account should be prepare in a condition which easy to understand by others that have knowledge or experiences in business, accounting and those economics activities.So, these are the five characteristic of a financial statement that an organization should revise when preparing the company business financial accounts.2.3Conclusion for task 1In my conclusion, there are many types of accounting users that use account to fulfill their need. Their needs includes of making decision, invest, giving loan and know the situations of the organization. Besides, there are a lso 5 types of criteria of financial statement that an organization should revise when they preparing financial statement.3.0 Introduction for task 2In task 2, the income statement and the balance sheet of Continental Limited for the end of 31 December 2010 will be prepared. It will be prepared in an accepted format for the needs of external reporting and publication.3.1 The process of preparing income statement and balance sheet for Continental Limited(A)Closing conduct should be recorded at cost or brighten resale value which one is lower. Since cost RM65000 (B) bullion AccountRM RM rough sales 5000 Purchase 4000Stationery 700Electricity 3005000 5000Sales in trading account of income statement=RM360000 + RM5000=RM365000Purchase in trading account of income statement=RM200000+RM4000=RM204000Stationery as expense put in profit loss account of income statement=RM700Electricity water in profit loss account of income statement= RM7000+RM300=RM7300(C)Sales commission as expense put in profit loss account of income statement=RM18000 (paid from trial balance) +RM1500 (accrued at end of year) =RM19500Then, the accrued sales commission RM1500 is recorded under current liability in balance sheet.Office salaries as expense put in profit loss account if income statement.=RM28000 (paid from trial balance) -RM2000 (prepaid at the end of year)=RM26000Then, prepaid office salary RM2000 is recorded under the current asset in balance sheet.(D) debitor AccountRM RM rest end B/D 75000 (-) Bad debts 5000Balance C/D 7000075000 75000Balance B/D 70000Bad debts accountRM RMDebtor 5000 P/L account 5000 proviso for bad debts closing balance =10% x Debtor closing balance RM70000= RM7000Provision for bad debts accountRM RM31 Dec 2010 Closing Balance C/D 7000 1 Jan 2010 Opening Balance B/D 5000Increase different 20007000 70001 Jan2011 Balance B/D 7000(E.F) vehicles accountRM RMBalance B/D 300000 Vehicles government a/c 50000Balance C/D 250000300000 300000Balance B/D 250000Provision for depreciation on vehicle accountRM RMVehicle disposal account 12500 1 Jan 2010 Opening Balance B/D 6000031 Dec 2010 Balance C/D 60000 Depreciation as expense put inP/L account 1250072500 72500 1 Jan 2011 Balance B/D 60000Vehicle disposal accountRM RMVehicle cost sold 50000 Provision for depreciation on vehicle sold 12500Proceed from disposal of vehicle 35000Difference for loss on disposal of vehicle 250050000 50000Provision for depreciation on exposit accountRM RMBalance C/D 54000 1 Jan 2010 Opening Balance B/D 40000Depreciation as expense put in P/Laccount 1400054000 54000Balance B/D 54000(g)Taxation charge RM15300 is deducted from net profit at the bottom of income statement. It is also recorded as accrued revenue enhancement RM15300 under current liability in balance sheet.h)Proposed dividend to be deducted from net profit at the bottom of income statement=2% x RM500000 (share capital from trial balance) = RM10000Then, the proposed dividend RM10000 is recorded under current liability in balance sheet.Income statement of Continental Limited for year ending 31 Dec 2010 for internal useRM RM RMSales 365000less(prenominal) Return Inwards 10000Net Sales 355000Opening Stock 50000+ Purchase 204000 Return outwards 15000+ Carriage inwards 5000 244000 little Closing Stock 65000 179000Gross Profit 176000Add Income 5000Dividend received 181000Less ExpensesStationery 700Office electricity water 7300Office salaries 26000Sales commission 19500Bad Debts 5000Increase in provision for bad debts 2000Loss on disposal of vehicle 2500Depreciation on vehicles 12500Depreciation on premises 14000Vehicle expenses 12000Interest charge 3000 104500Net profit 76500Less Taxation charge 15300Less proposed dividend 10000Profit for the year 51200Add Retained earnings brought forwards lakhRetained earnings carried forward 151200Balance Sheet of Continental Limited as at 31 Dec 2010 for internal useFixed assets/ Non-current assets RM RMOffice premises at cost 350000(-) Provision for de preciation on premises (54000)Vehicles at cost 29600(-) Provision for depreciation on vehicles 250000Long-term investments (60000) flow rate assets 190000Closing stock 65000Trade debitors 70000-Provision for bad debts (7000)63000Bank 42000Prepaid office salary 2000_172000758000Issues share capitalShare capital 500000Add ReserveRetained earnings carried forward 151200Shareholders equity 651200Add Long-term liabilities/ Non-current liabilitiesLoan 55000Add Current LiabilitiesCreditors 25000Accrued sales commission 1500Accrued Taxation 15300Proposed dividend 10000 51800758000Conclusion for task 2In my conclusion, income statement and balance sheet of an organization is rattling important to know that organization are now in profit or loss.4.0 Introduction for task 3In task 3, the income statement and balance sheet of Continental Limited for year ending 31 Dec 2010 in accepted format for external reporting or publication will be prepared. Which is means that after the income statement and balance sheet of Continental Limited prepared, it will be shown to the public or outsiders for external reporting.4.1 Classify expenses into contribution cost and Administrative expenses.Distribution costs Administrative expensesRM RMStationery 700Office electricity water 7300Office salaries 26000Sales commission 19500 Bad debts 5000 Increase in provision for bad debts 2000 Loss on disposal of vehicle 2500 Depreciation on vehicles 12500 Depreciation on premises 14000Vehicles expenses 12000 Total 53500 48000Income statement of Continental Limited for year ending 31 Dec 2010 for external reportingRM RMTurnover 355000Cost of sales 179000Gross profit 176000Distribution costs 53500Administrative expenses 48000101500operating(a) profit 74500Dividend received 500079500Interest charges 3000Profit on ordinary activities before taxation 76500Taxation charge 15300Profit on ordinary activities after taxation of the year 61200Proposed dividend 10000Retain profit for the year 51200Retain ed profit brought forward 100000Retained profit carried forward 151200Balance sheet of Continental Limited for the year ending 31 Dec 2010 for external reportingFixed Assets RM RM RMTangible assetsPremises 296000Vehicles 190000486000InvestmentLong term investment 100000586000Current AssetsStock 65000Debtors 63000Prepaid office salary 2000130000Cash at bank 42000172000Less Creditors Amount Falling repayableWithin One stratumCreditor 25000Accrued sales commission 1500Accrued taxation 15300Proposed dividend 10000(51800)Net current assets 120200Total Assets Less current Liabilities 706200Less Creditors Amount Falling Due After MoreThan One YearLoan (55000)651200Capital and ReservesCalled up share capital 500000Profit and loss account 1512006512003.2 Conclusion for task 3In my conclusion, income statement and balance sheet for external reporting or publication must be prepared neatly and precisely. Because it might affect the image and the business of the organization,Introduction for task 4Accounting ratio is one of the ways to define the relationship among result and the others, such as balance sheet, and profit loss account. Accounting ratio can use to value the efficiency, effectiveness and profitability of the organization according to its financial reports.5.1 Calculation of accounting ratioThe flurry below is the calculation of the accounting ratio between Continental Limited and the industry averages for year ending 31 Dec 2010.Ratio with facial expression Ratio calculation Industryfor year 2010 averagesPercentage of gross profit on sales 17600 x 100 30%= Gross profit x 100 355000Net sales = 49.58%Percentage on operating profit on sales 74500 x 100 18%= Operating profit x 100 355000Net sales = 20.99%Return on capital employed 9%= Net profit before interest x 100 (76500 + 3000) x 100and taxation 158000-51800Total assets-current liability =11.26%Current ratio 21= Current assets 172000Current liabilities 51800= 3.32 1Stock employee turnover catch 90 day s= 365 days 365 days/3.11 timesStock turnover inTimes = 117.36 daysStock turnover = Cost of salesAverage stock valueAverage stock = (Opening stock value + Closing stock value) / 2= (50000 + 65000) /2= 57500Stock turnover = 17900057500=3.11 TimesDebtor collection period 0.177 x 365 days 45days= Debtor ratio x 365 days = 64.6 daysDebtor ratio = DebtorNet credit sales= 63000355000= 0.177 1Creditor payments period 0.132 x 365 days 60 days= Creditor ratio x 365 days = 48.18 daysCreditor ratio = CreditorNet credit purchase= 25000(204000-15000)=0.132 1Comparison between Continental Limited and Industry Averages to Assess ProfitabilityAccording to the table above, it has state that the gross profit coast of Continental Limited is 49.58% objet dart the gross profit margin of industry average is 30%. In this situation, when the gross profit margin are higher, it means that the organization are controlling their buy cost effective and efficient Besides, it also show that the organization perform good in allocating their raw materials and labor force to helps in reduce proceeds cost and increase their gross profit.Next, the operating profit margin of Continental Limited ratio calculation for year 2010 is 20.99% while the industry average is 18%. When the operating profit margin is high, its means that the organization profits are still high even finish paying those variables cost. Operating profit margin can show whether an organization are effectively in their expenses and variable cost.Lastly, the return on capital employed (ROCE) of Continental Limited in 2010 is 11.26% while it is 9% in industry average. ROCE are usually used to measure all the resources that available in the organization and demonstrate the efficiency and revenue of an organization. So, when the piece of ROCE becomes higher, the performances of the organization are better. The percentages of Continental Limited is higher than the industry average,Comparison between Continental Limited and Indu stry Averages to Assess LiquidityAccording to the table above, it has show that the current ratio of Continental Limited is 3.321 and the current ratio of industry average is 21. Current ratio is use to measure the financial status and the ability of the organization in using their current assets to pay its current liabilities. In this situation, it shows that the finance of the organization is stable and did not verbal expression any short-term financial problems.Secondly, is the stock turnover period of Continental Limited which is 117.36 days and the industry average is about 90 days. Stock turnover period is the time that the goods keep before purchased by customers. In this situation, Continental Limited had longer stock turnover period compare to the industry average, it might cause short-term financial problem because of keeping stock for long time and slowly taken out for resale.Next is the debtor collection period. The debtor collection period of Continental Limited is 64 .6 days and 45 days for industry average. Based on this period we can know that Continental Limited is taking longer time than industry average to collect debts from the debtors. It might cause organization having shortage of pay back those liabilities and face short-term finance problem.In last, the creditor payment period of Continental Limited is 48.18 days and the industry average is 60days. Which shows that Continental Limited has the shorter time to pay the creditors compare to industry average and it might cause lack of many to pay back the creditorsConclusion for task 4In my conclusion, accounting ratio can enable an organization or accounting users understand the liquidity and profitability of an organization. So, it make easier when an organization plan for future of budgeting.6.0 Conclusion and RecommendationIn my conclusion, this assignment enables me to understand the avail and the function of the account which can helps to know well an organization easily. In task 1, the most common accounting users are defined and let me understand of the 5 basic characteristics of financial statement. So, it helps a lot in preparing an organization financial statement.While in task 2, it let me know that income statement and balance sheet of an organization is very important to know that organization are now in profit or loss. It also let me let the proper way in preparing balance sheet and income statement for an organization.In task 3, income statement and balance sheet for external reporting or publication must be prepared neatly and precisely. Because it might affect the image and the business of the organization,In task 4, accounting ratio can enable an organization or accounting users understand the liquidity and profitability of an organization. So, it make easier when an organization plan for future of budgeting.

Difference between Transactional and Transformational Leader

Difference mingled with Transactional and Transformational LeaderComp ar and contrast between Transactional leadinghiphip and Transformational leadershiphip. What are the significant differences between the two leadershiphiphip models? Give relevant examples.1.0 What is Leadership?Leadershiphas been draw as the process of social order in which one person can enlist or procure the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. It is the way of organizing a group of people for the purpose of achieving a common goal. A leader is the person to who is capable of guiding, invigorate and associating others with the dream goal.In addition, on that point are sundry(a) types of leadership models which entangle transactional leadership, transformational leadership, and charismatic leadership and so on. In this contest, transactional leadership and transformational leadership depart be compared and contrasted.2.0 DescriptionTransactional LeadershipTransactional le adershipis a verge used to classify a formally known groupleadershiptheories that inquire the interactions between leaders and chase. A transactional leader focusinges more on a series of transactions. This person is interested in looking out for oneself, having ex pitch benefits with their subordinates and clarifies a smell of duty with rewards and punishments to reach goals.The transactional leadership style developed by Bass is found on the system that followers are motivated through a system of rewards and punishment. The transactional leaders view of the leader / follower kin is one of quid pro quo or this for that. If the follower does something good, then they will be rewarded. If the follower does something wrong, then they will be punished.Transformational LeadershipTransformationalleadershipis delimit as a leadership approach that causes transform in individuals and social systems. In its ideal form, it creates valuable and positive change in the followers with t he barricade goal of developing followers into leaders. Enacted in its authentic form, transformational leadership enhances the motivation, morale and performance of his followers through a variety of mechanisms. These include connecting the followers sense of identity and self to the mission and the collective identity of the organization being a role model for followers that incites them challenging followers to take great ownership for their work, and understanding the strengths and weaknesses of followers, so the leader can align followers with tasks that optimize their performance.The theory behindtransformational leaders, on the other hand is based, on the hypothesis that leaders can exploit a lack of the follower. These particular needs are not based on quid pro quo transactions, but high order needs. These needs are those of the total person, and are closely aligned with the internalmotivational factorsof the follower.So at one end of the spectrum we save transactiona l leaders that are making many deals with those being led. On the other end of the spectrum, we have transformational leaders, which are looking to satisfy a greater need of an individual.3.0 relegationTransactional Leaderapproaches followers with an eye to exchanging one thing for another Burnspursues a cost benefit, economic exchange to met subordinates current material and psychic needs in return for contracted services rendered by the subordinate . BassHere, transformational leaders make exchange of work with their followers for benefit or rewards. chase are motivated with the rewards being given.Transformational Leaderrecognizes and exploits an existing need or demand of a potential follower (and) looks for potential motives in followers, seeks to satisfy high needs, and engages the full person of the follower BurnsThe leader who recognizes the transactional needs in potential followers but tends to go further, seeking to arouse and satisfy high needs, to engage the full pe rson of the follower to a high level of need according to Maslows hierarchy of needs BassHere, transformational leaders tend to focus on the move to change the followers and the organization. In addition, as explained by Bass, the transactional leaders focus on the organizational work within the organizational grow as the way it exists on the other hand, the transformational leaders try to bring changes to the organizational culture.4.0 Personal characteristicsTransactionalDirectiveDominatingAction-OrientedTransformationalSelf ConfidentAssertiveSeizes OpportunitiesTolerates jeopardizeUses Systems Thinking5.0 Characteristics of Transactional leaders1.Contingent rewardsTransactional leaders link the goal to rewards, clarify expectations, exit necessary resources, set mutually agreed upon goals, and provide various kinds of rewards for undefeated performance. They set SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely) goals for their subordinates. These leaders work o n some aspects which includeExchange of rewards for effort contracted.Rewards for achieving goals promised.Accomplishments recognized.Clear goals and recognition once they are reached is held to result in individuals and groups achieving expected levels of performance.2.Management by exception (active)Transactional leaders actively monitor the work of their subordinates, watch for deviations from rules and amounts and taking corrective action to prevent mistakes. These personalities to a fault includeStandards specified by leader.Deviations are searched from the rules and standards.Corrective action taken quickly if necessary. may involve follower punishment.3.Management by exception (passive)Transactional leaders throw in only when standards are not met or when the performance is not as per the expectations. They may even use punishment as a answer to impossible performance. These leaders have some uniqueness which includeLeader awaits emergence of problems before acting.Inter venes only if standards are not met.4.Passive-avoidant/Laissez-faireThe leader provides an environs where the subordinates fetch many opportunities to make decisions. The leader himself abdicates responsibilities and avoids making decisions and therefore the group often lacks direction. This can also be explained asAgreements are not specified there are no expectations set and goals and standards are avoided.6. 0 Characteristics of Transformational Leadership1. Charisma or idealized influenceThe degree to which the leader behaves in admirable ways that cause followers to identify with the leader. Charismatic leaders display convictions, take stands and appeal to followers on an emotional level. This is about the leader having a buy the farm set of values and demonstrating them in every action, providing a role model for their followers.2. InspirationalmotivationThe degree to which the leader articulates a vision that is appealing and inspiring to followers. Leaders with inspirat ional motivation challenge followers with high standards, communicate optimism about future goals, and provide meaning for the task at hand. Followers need to have a strong sense of purpose if they are to be motivated to act. Purpose and meaning provide the energy that drives a group forward. It is also important that this visionary aspect of leadership be supported byskills that allow the leader to articulate his or her vision with precision and power in a compelling and persuasive way.3. Intellectual stimulationThe degree to which the leader challenges assumptions, takes risks and solicits followers ideas. Leaders with this trait stimulate and encouragecreativityin their followers.4. personalized consideration or individualized attentionThe degree to which the leader attends to each followers needs, acts as a mentor or coach to the follower and listens to the followers concerns and needs. This also encompasses the need to respect and celebrate the individual contribution that eac h follower can make to the team (it is the diversity of the team that gives it its true strength).Transformational LeadersMotivating for performance beyond expectations.Inspiring for missions beyond self interest.Instilling confidence to achieve performance.Transformational leadership goes beyond transactional leadership.Transactional LeadersMotivating for performance at expected levels.Initiating structure to clarify the task and roles.Stressing the link between reward and goal achievement.Uses agreed upon performance to motivate.Performance beyond expectations7.0 AssumptionsTransformational leadersPeople come inspired by a person then they will follow that person.Great things can be achieved by person with vision and passion.Things are gotten through with(p) by the way they are injected with enthusiasm and energy.Transactional LeadersFollowers/Employees are motivated by reward and punishment.Orders are given by the superiors, and the subordinates have to heed the orders.These s ubordinates are not self-motivated rather they need to be intimately monitored and controlled in order to get the work done from them.8.0 DifferencesTransitional leadersTransactional leaders are aware of the link between the effort and rewardTransactional leadership is responsive and its basic orientation is dealing with present issuesTransactional leaders rely on standard forms of inducement, reward, punishment and sanction to control followersTransactional leaders motivate followers by setting goals and promising rewards for desired performanceTransactional leadership depends on the leaders power to honor subordinates for their successful completion of the bargain.Transformational leadersTransformational leaders arouse emotions in their followers which motivates them to act beyond the framework of what may be described as exchange relationsTransformational leadership is proactive and forms new expectations in followersTransformational leaders are distinguished by their capacity t o inspire and provide individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation and idealized influence to their followersTransformational leaders create learning opportunities for their followers and stimulate followers to solve problemsTransformational leaders occupy good visioning, rhetorical and management skills, to develop strong emotional bonds with followersTransformational leaders motivate followers to work for goals that go beyond self-interest.In addition, the downstairs table will give a detailed contrast of the differences between Transactional leadership and transformational leadership.Transactional LeadershipLeadership of the status quo. Effective in stable organizations and contexts. to a greater extent likely to be observed in a well-ordered society.Focuses on social and economic exchanges between leaders and followers, using contingent rewards and administrative actions to reinforce positive and reform negative behaviors.Leader-follower relationship sees each exchan ge needs and services to satisfy their independent objectives.Follower response based on compliance. direction likely to be important.Leadership act takes place but leaders and followers not bound together in mutual pursuit of higher purpose.Founded on peoples need to make a living by completing tasks.Focuses on situational authority, politics and perks. Involves values, but typically those required for successful exchange relationships (for example, reciprocity, and integrity). accent mark on day-to-day affairs, business needs short-term goals and quantitative information.Leader-follower relationship may be established quickly. A relatively impersonal relationship hold only as long as benefits outweigh costs.Tends to be transitory. Once a transaction is completed, relationship may need to be redefined.Emphasizes tactical issues.typically involves working within current systems.Supports structures and systems that emphasize outcomes.Follower counseling focuses on evaluation.Atomis tic worldview and moral altruistic motives based on teleological perspective (that is to say, based on consequences).Motivates followers by appealing to their own self-interest (for example, pay, and promotion).Based on directive power acts.Transformational LeadershipLeadership of change (within leaders, followers and organizations). in-chief(postnominal) in times of distress and rapid and destabilizing change.Focuses on organizational objectives and organizational change by disseminating new values and seeking alternatives to existing arrangements.Leader-follower relationship sees purposes of both(prenominal) become fused, leading to unity and shared purpose.Attempts to raise follower needs (following Maslows hierarchy) to higher levels (for example, self-esteem) and to develop followers into leaders.Based on interaction and influence.Follower response based on commitment. Supervision may be minimal.Leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morali ty.Founded on peoples need for meaning.Focuses on personal power, values, morals and ethics. May be demonstrated by anyone in an organization in any type of position.Transcends daily affairs, concentrating on long-term issues.May take time for leader-follower bonds to develop. A personal relationship that may persist when costs outweigh benefits.Tends to be enduring.Emphasizes missions and strategies for achieving them.May involve redesigning of jobs to make them more meaty and challenging. Emphasizes realization of human potential.Aligns structures and systems to overarching values and goals.Follower counseling focuses on personal development.Organic worldview and moral altruistic motives based on deontological perspective (that is to say, based on promises).In addition to the above table, their differences can also be categorized as the followingBasis Servant or steward LeadershipTransformational leaders have idealized vision. They are likable and honorable hero that worth imitat ing and identifying. They lead to promote change in the environment. On the other hand, Transactional leaders have the groundwork of exchange process. They work on mutual need satisfying, giving rewards for job performance. They lead to promote stability in the workplace.Leadership developmentTransformational leaders tend to have more power. They empower and energize their followers excel. They re-engineer their followers. On the other hand, Transactional leaders design structures, control and reward system in their workplace to improve effectiveness and efficiency.Lead by exampleTransformational leaders are charismatic. They handle and meet individuals needs. As well, they upgrade the level of the needs. On the other hand, Transactional leaders possess different types of leadership style, using the right style at the necessary time.Proactive change agentTransformational leaders make an effort to inspire their followers to help them change and transcend their selves for greater pu rposes. On the other hand, Transactional leaders reward their followers in terms of their performance. They are reactive to change at instances.Vision creator propagandistTransformational leaders make effort to create a vision of desired future state. They communicate pain of change that worth the effort. On the other hand, Transactional leaders focus on company goals and objectives. They make sure the needed goals are achieved.9.0 ExamplesTransactional LeadershipIn this kind of leadership, a clear chain of command is established. The leader motivates his subordinates by presenting them rewards and punishments. All requirements for a subordinate are clearly stated with corresponding rewards. If they fail to satisfy those requirements, they will receive a corresponding punishment. A couple of famous examples of transactional leaders are Joseph McCarthy and Charles de Gaulle.Transformational LeadershipTransformational leaderslead by motivating by their followers. Leaders appeal to th eir followers ideals and morals to motivate them in accomplishing their tasks. Basically, these kinds of leaders empower their followers using their own beliefs and personal strengths. Simply put, they inspire their followers. Famous transformational leaders include Martin Luther King Jr. and Walt Disney.10.0 ConclusionFinally, the transactional style of leadership is viewed as insufficient, but not bad, in developing the maximum leadership potential. It forms as the basis for more mature interactions but care should be taken by leaders not to practice it exclusively, otherwise it will lead to the creation of an environment permeated by position, power, perks, and politics. On the other hand, transformational Leadership by definition, seek to transform. When the organization does not need transforming and people are happy as they are, then such a leader will be frustrated. Like wartime leaders, however, given the right situation they come into their own and can be personally respon sible for salve entire companies.

Mycoplasma vs Mycobacterium

Mycoplasma vs MycobacteriumMycobacteria are aerobic and slender, curved rod shaped species. Since they are aerobic they like to live in areas where oxygen levels are high such as, apical or upper part of the lungs. Thus, a decrease in oxygen concentration can be dangerous for these beings. On the other hand, Mycoplasma is a bacterial genus that has more than 100 species. It was first described in the late(a) 1800s and members of this genus are very(prenominal) tiny. Even though most of the species of this genus are harmless, there are some that appear to be virulent and thus are liable for specific medial terms in humans (1).Mycobacteria jail cubicleular telephone wall is composed of waxes and mycolic acids, which makes them resistant to Gram staining however, they can be stained acid-fast. Whereas, Mycoplasmas are gram negative bacteria and one interesting characteristic of these bacteria is that they dont micturate a cell wall which gives them an elastic shape that can vary easily (1). The unusual cell wall of Mycobacterium and the absence of cell wall in Mycoplasmas make them invulnerable to many drugs. Plus, both, Mycobacterium and Mycoplasma, bob up very slow, this in any case accounts for the long time to make observable colonies on laboratory media.Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are pathogenic bacterial species that causes respiratory footpath disease. The disease that Mycobacterium tuberculosis cause is called tuberculosis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are responsible for causing mild upper respiratory tract infection known as uncharacteristic pneumonia. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was first discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch and it belongs to the genus Mycobacterium whereas, Mycoplasma pneumoniae belong to genus Mycoplasma. uncharacteristic pneumonia symptoms are different from typical pneumonia. In addition, sometimes patients dont even have any symptoms related to the respiratory tract. Frequently, patients rema in ambulatory, therefore this condition is also sometimes called walking pneumonia.Tuberculosis (TB) is spread from individual to person via air. If a person, who has TB, coughs, sneezes, or speaks, he can put M. tuberculosis into the air. If nearby people breathe in these bacteria they can become infected. On the other hand, Mycoplasma pneumoniae is also transmitted from one person to a nonher through close personal signature by respiratory droplets. Symptoms, such as fever, chest inconvenience and cough, can be seen after the organism is in the hosts system for 12 to 14 days. Common characteristics of walking pneumonia are that the size of alveoli is decreased due to private swelling of the alveolar walls and alveoli dont fill with fluid.Whereas a typical pathogenesis for tuberculosis is that once the bacteria are inhaled, they start dividing at a very slow gait inside the cells (white blood cells) that have phagocytized them. They then educe a host response such as infiltrati on of neutrophil and accumulation of fluid in the alveoli of the lung. The neutrophils are paused and destroyed by the organisms. Then, macrophages and lymphocytes come to the alveoli and phagocytize living tubercle bacilli. These organisms again divide within the new host cell and destroy it as the phagocytes rupture they release infective organisms. This process goes on until enough cells have been ruptured and an acute inflammatory response has occurred. If lesions are not healed, they can result in waver necrosis or harden to become chronic granulomas, also known as tubercles. These tubercles may contain live tubercle bacilli or macrophages, and lung tissues and function in these areas are permanently destroyed. Also, some tubercle bacilli can also enter lymphatic and circulatory system. They spread through the body and form numerous lesions this condition is called military tuberculosisTuberculosis and walking pneumonia can be diagnosed in a clinical sample such as sputum how ever, since the bacteria grow very slowly sputum culturing process can take weeks before it is declared negative. Other options for diagnosis of tuberculosis are X-rays or skin streamlet and for walking pneumonia other serologic tests are ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence, etc. But usually treatment is given based on clinical symptoms.Mycoplasma pneumoniae dont possess a cell wall which results in osmotic instability, so they utilize sterol in their membrane for structural support. However, survival without a cell wall is not a problem for these organisms, because they live in an animal (human) host, which is osmotically stable (2). M. pneumoniae are invulnerable to B-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, because they disturb the cell wall and these microorganisms dont have a cell wall (2). So drugs, such as azithromycine or fluroquinolone, are used to fight these microorganisms. On the other hand, Mycobacteria unusual cell wall hinders the access of drugs and makes many antibio tics ineffective. However, drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin can be given to the patients for at least one year. In addition, bacillus of Calmette and Gurin (BCG) vaccine is world-widely used to prevent tuberculosis, but there is no vaccine currently available for walking pneumonia. Thus to prevent atypical pneumonia close contact with infected people is avoided.Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the smallest bacterial pathogen from the genus Mycoplasma. This microorganism is responsible for causing mild upper respiratory tract infection known as atypical pneumonia. This type of pneumonia has symptoms that are different from the typical pneumonia. In addition, sometimes patients dont even have any symptoms related to the respiratory tract. Frequently, patients remain ambulatory, therefore this condition is also sometimes called walking pneumonia.Mycoplasma pneumoniae is transmitted from one person to another via respiratory droplets. Symptoms, such as fever, chest pain and cough, can be seen after the organism is in the hosts system for 12 to 14 days. Common characteristics of walking pneumonia are that the size of alveoli is decreased due to inward swelling of the alveolar walls and alveoli dont fill with fluid. Atypical pneumonia is diagnosed by isolating M. pneumoniae from sputum or from a nasopharyngeal swab however, since these bacteria grow very slowly this process can take up to 3 weeks. There are other serologic tests such as ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence, etc., but usually treatment is given based on clinical symptoms.These microorganisms dont possess a cell wall which results in osmotic instability, so they utilize sterol in their membrane for structural support. However, survival without a cell wall is not a problem for these organisms, because they live in an animal (human) host, which is osmotically stable (2). M. pneumoniae are invulnerable to B-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, because they disturb the cell wall and these microorgan isms dont have a cell wall (2). So drugs, such as azithromycine or fluroquinolone, are used to fight these microorganisms. Plus, currently there is no vaccine available, thus to prevent atypical pneumonia avoid close contact with infected people.ReferencesWhat is Mycoplasma? WiseGEEK clear answers for common questions. Web. 16 Feb. 2010. .M. pneumoniae. Index of /. Web. 17 Feb. 2010. .

Natue of Science :: essays research papers

Science Report (Nature of Science)AimTo find aside the effect of the onerousness of a cooky on the ability of the cookie to support a finite amount of weights ApparatusoWeightsoBiscuitsoThreadsetting Information Biscuits ar designed to be strong so that they do not crumble easily. (http//www.nzmaths.co.nz/Number/CrossStrand/biscuits.htm) A biscuit consists of flour, oil color and other ingredients, which be packed together into a brittle solid. Therefore, biscuits can stand up to a finite amount of weight before it breaks. guessThe thicker a biscuit, the much weights it can support.VariablesIndependentoIncrement of Thicknesso order of applying weightsoType of Biscuit oHow the Biscuit/Biscuits are put Method of Control (Independent Variables)oIncrement of Thickness Regular increment of 1 biscuit onerousness oMethod of applying the weights Placing the weights gently onto the biscuits, change magnitude the weight by 100g each time, until the crackers break. oType of Biscui t Use identical Khong Guan Cheese CrackersoHow the Biscuit/Biscuits are placed The biscuits will be strung tightly together and hung on a hook. (Refer to diagram 1.1) DependentoThe number of weights that can be hung on the biscuits subprogram 1)Drill a hole in the middle of the biscuit with a needle.2)Hang the weight holder on the biscuit.3)Place 100g weights one by one, until the biscuit breaks (Refer to diagram 1.1)4) restate the experiment with 2,3,4 and 5 biscuits5)Repeat the experiment 3 times6)Calculate the average weight required to break the biscuits of different thickness7)Plot a graph to identify the main trend of this experiment.8)Formulate a conclusion from the results. Margin of ErrorAs the weights obtained are 100g weights, they are not precise. Therefore, if a biscuit breaks when a 200g weight is hung on it, it does not mean that the biscuit breaks at 200g. It is just an approximate amount. To utilize a spring eternal sleep would have caused the results to be more accurate. Secondly, whenever a new weight is added to the weight holder, the position of the set-up shifts a little.Natue of Science essays research papers Science Report (Nature of Science)AimTo find out the effect of the thickness of a biscuit on the ability of the biscuit to support a finite amount of weights ApparatusoWeightsoBiscuitsoThreadBackground Information Biscuits are designed to be strong so that they do not crumble easily. (http//www.nzmaths.co.nz/Number/CrossStrand/biscuits.htm) A biscuit consists of flour, oil and other ingredients, which are packed together into a brittle solid. Therefore, biscuits can stand up to a finite amount of weight before it breaks. HypothesisThe thicker a biscuit, the more weights it can support.VariablesIndependentoIncrement of ThicknessoMethod of applying weightsoType of Biscuit oHow the Biscuit/Biscuits are placed Method of Control (Independent Variables)oIncrement of Thickness Regular increment of 1 biscuit thickness oMethod of appl ying the weights Placing the weights gently onto the biscuits, increasing the weight by 100g each time, until the crackers break. oType of Biscuit Use identical Khong Guan Cheese CrackersoHow the Biscuit/Biscuits are placed The biscuits will be strung tightly together and hung on a hook. (Refer to diagram 1.1) DependentoThe number of weights that can be hung on the biscuitsProcedure 1)Drill a hole in the middle of the biscuit with a needle.2)Hang the weight holder on the biscuit.3)Place 100g weights one by one, until the biscuit breaks (Refer to diagram 1.1)4)Repeat the experiment with 2,3,4 and 5 biscuits5)Repeat the experiment 3 times6)Calculate the average weight required to break the biscuits of different thickness7)Plot a graph to identify the main trend of this experiment.8)Formulate a conclusion from the results. Margin of ErrorAs the weights obtained are 100g weights, they are not precise. Therefore, if a biscuit breaks when a 200g weight is hung on it, it does not mean t hat the biscuit breaks at 200g. It is just an approximate amount. To utilize a spring balance would have caused the results to be more accurate. Secondly, whenever a new weight is added to the weight holder, the position of the set-up shifts a little.

The Land is Mine Essay -- Hebrew Scriptures

The author identifies and analyzes six discrete land ideologies found in the Hebrew Scriptures that have influenced its readers. (preface)In his hold land refers to not only as physical realities where there is dirt and rocks, and where plants atomic number 18 growing, and where humans build their cities. Land refers to a social symbol with a range of meanings in which we construct its meanings for ourselves.(p.1) A subtle distinction between theology and ideology can be biblical theology is the doctrine and hold forth about graven image expressed within a biblical literary unit that reflect the living faith of a given community, and Biblical ideology is a wider complex of images and ideas that may employ theological doctrines, traditions, or symbols to justify and promote the social, economic, and political interests of a group within society.(p.10) The evidence that they both are closely interrelated can be found in the biblical Prophets such as Jeremiah or AmosThe author has taken five basic categories of depth psychology for exploring the land ideologies. Dominant images of the land, Location of God ( what is Gods position relative to the land?), Locus of power in the land (locus of power and interest), lease justifying entitlement to the land (who is justified in claiming and why?), Rights to/of the land (what rights do people have to the land?) (p.14)Land as the Source of Wealth A purple ideologyThis justifies the kings right to control and rule the kingdom and basically to this royal land ideology are the concepts of the land as the outset of wealth, the divine right of the monarch to appropriate that wealth, and the entitlement of the monarch as Gods representative to have dominion over the whole earth as an empire.(p.17) The author ... ...tes respect the ownership of the land YHWH holds. YWH is a local landowner and the land is YHWHs extended sanctuary.(p.99)Land as Host Country An Immigrant IdeologyAbraham immigrated with his household to C anaan to settle down. In the course of Abrahams journey to the land, he did not have to confront with hostile indigenous people it is compose They set forth to go to the land of Canaan, and they came to the land of Canaan. (Gen. 125) (p.118) Abraham shared the land through generous grants, peaceful negotiations, or legal purchase. Abraham found God at sacred sites. Abrahams rights and responsibilities were not those of a monarch or conqueror, but involve acknowledging YHWH as the host deity, teaching justice to the Abraham household, establishing peaceful dealing with the peoples of the land, and dealing justly with the land itself.(p.132)