Illegal Immigration Issue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Illegal Immigration Issue - Research Paper ExampleTo contain my argument, the adverse effects brought about by illegal immigration, particularly in terms of employment shimmy of citizens and incurring of additional social security expenditures of the government, are highlighted. Through the media, the concept of illegal immigration has been passing romanticized. Illegal aliens, as illegal immigrants are commonly referred to, are portrayed as the hardworking border-crossers who gain to provide for their families left behind (Weissinger). Many feel sympathy for the plight of these people who risk their throw lives in search of greener pastures. This is the same emotion elicited in me during an interview with Mr. Diaz, an illegal immigrant from Mexico who has been working in a local retail store for a year now. Barely able to speak vocational English, he narrated how extreme poverty in their homeland has impelled him to look for a decent moving in across the border. With his job , he is able to send money to his family with the salary he currently earns, a faraway cry from how much he would have gotten in Mexico. In the perception of US-based employers, illegal immigrants are viewed as a cheap source of unskilled wear upon, which they could easily tap (Hanson). Note that illegal aliens, given their despondency to immediately land jobs, willingly accept relatively lower wages as compared to the local labor force (Costs of Immigration). Others believe that illegal immigration is actually a win-win situation, wherein the poor dry land from where the illegal alien originated obtains dollars from remittances, while the host nation takes advantage of lower labor cost with the vast worker pool made available (Hanson). Given these perceptions, the true issues directly related to illegal immigration are obscured. The subsequent sections reveal what lies beneath the common belief and shed lights on the effects of immigration on government expenditure, population growth and on other economic factors (Siew-Ean).

Thorr Motorcycles Inc. Perceptual maps marketing simulation Essay

Thorr Motorcycles Inc. Perceptual maps marketing simulation - analyze ExampleThe using perceptual maps marketing simulation was a great experienced for me. The simulation taught me the grandeur of harvesting differentiation and positioning. The company showcased in the simulation was called Thorr Motorcycles Inc.The company is dedicated to manufacturing motorcycles. The company holds a market share of 40% in an oligopoly marketplace. Perceptual maps are used in the simulation to develop a positioning strategy. A perceptual map is the visual representation of the customers perception of a brand. In the simulation I served the role of marketing manager. In the first roughly of the simulation I had to study four marketing tilts to develop the positioning strategy. The first parameter I choose is price. Customers in all industries always pay close attention to the price of the product or service. The second parameter chosen was lifestyle image. A lot of customers in the motorcycle industry purchase motorcycles because of the image it represents. The triplet parameter I choose was service offering. A survey showed that customers perceive the service of Thorr Motorcycles to be poor. The final exam parameter I choose was quality engineering. Along with price quality is a very grave attribute that all customers evaluate when making a purchase. The four parameters I choose were the optimal event for the company. The second round of the simulation involved making some strategic decisions. I had to develop a marketing plan that will reposition the CruiserThorr or launch a new motorcycle. The marketing budget for the plan was $13 million. One of the tools that were provided in the simulation in order to help me afford a decision was a SWOT analysis. The four elements of a SWOT analysis are strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. One of the threats discussed in the SWOT is that fact that rising unemployment will decrease the expenditure in lifestyle p roducts. The companys competitors have low-cost motorcycles that are all geared to attract the younger customers. The CruiserThorr has penetrated the market well, but the product has reached the maturity stage of its product lifecycle. I decided against repositioning the CruiserThorr. My solution was introducing the RRoth model. The second step of round two was deciding the marketing mix of the company among the following four variables price, place, services, and promotion. The marketing mix of a product can be used to implement a differentiation strategy. The price I chose was in the $13,000 to $15,000 range. At that price range the company will achieve maximum customer reach. The places I choose to sell the RRoth were distributors, dealers, and the internet. Young customers in the United States are using the internet more everyday to make purchases. In 2010 e-commerce sales in the US reached $153 billion. The services I decided to offer were training to dealers, customization opt ions, and financial services. The promotion alternatives I decided to implement were sponsor events such as Daytona, offer insurance and trade protection plans, hire celebrities for endorsement, and publicize through Hollywood films. The total costs of my marketing plan were $12,385,000. I achieved nest egg for the company of $615,000. In the third round of the simulation I had to create and rate the perceptual maps of both motorcycle products. The four attributes of the perceptual map of the CruiserThorr were lifestyle image, price, service offering, and quality engineering. My ratings on a surmount of 1 to 10 for lifestyle image, price, service offering, and quality engineering were 10,7,6,9 respectively. The four variables I choose for the perceptual map of the RRoth were price, cool, service offerings and lifestyle image. The rating for price, cool service offering, and lifestyle image were 10,9,8,8. The simulation indicated that I should have added the parameter of quality engineering in the RRoth. A differentiation strategy is used to create a unique product that that has different attributes than the competition. A positioning strategy is different

Why We Must Tell Lies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why We Must Tell Lies - Essay ExampleCaught in a forbidden act, a two-year-old will quickly try to don a look of absolute pureness all while denying the alleged wrongdoing. Lying in children this young makes one wonder if lying is originate of the human genetic code. The fact is, children probably are taught to lie by their first hearers- their parents. Brian Martin claims that parents carefully teach children how to lie and just as often lie to them (29). In teaching their children to lie, parents are preparing them to deal with the world. erst children set off for school, they must know how to lie effectively to teachers and classmates. Children who do not become redeeming(prenominal) liars will not develop good interpersonal skills, and they will probably not become extremely effective batch. Every child needs to know how to explain the missing homework assignment and how to pass along with playmates. Well-told lies are the most expedient means to these ends.In the adult w orld, the most successful people are those who are proficient liars. Businesses would cease to function if proprietors always told the truth.

SESSION LONG PROJECT MODULE 5 TOTAL REWARDS (USAA INSURANCE COMPANY) Essay

posing LONG PROJECT MODULE 5 TOTAL REWARDS (USAA INSURANCE COMPANY) - Essay ExampleThis method to a fault helps attract the employees and their attention and help retaining the employees to a great extent. Here in most cases this method helps in improving the morale and levels of motivation and productivity of the employees, thitherby being a major benefit for the party as well (Thompson). Using this technique in USAA will be very helpful referable to the nature of the job. Here the company will be able integrate the organizational culture, business scheme and also the human resources strategy and draw them towards one main focus, i.e. the total rewards system which focuses on includes altogether aspects like the compensations, benefits, work life, recognition and performance of the employees and also the over wholly development and career opportunities. Together all of these are focused towards attracting and motivating people which in turn leads to better satisfaction and enga gement of the employees. This conception is clearly one which will remain and become more common within companies (Buchanan and Huczynski). This technique is here to stay and companies can benefit from the technique to a very great extent. The drawback of this technique, in the case of USAA, it proves to be very costly for a number of employees and also does not meet the needs of the employees.

Arrticle #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arrticle 2 - Essay Examplethat disparities in hiring can be communicate through col crowdative efforts between college graduates and employers on matters of knowledge, skills, and qualification.The concerns highlighted by Goldfarb are relevant to any given respective(prenominal) seeking employment after graduating from college. Meeting employment requirements is a significant challenge for newfound labor market entrants. Most employers build qualification on the number of years of experience, thereby disregarding new graduates on the basis that they need more experience to secure an employment position. Experience comes after operative and applying ones knowledge and skills. Without experience, then new college graduates are likely to remain unemployed. Personally, graduate discipline could address this hiring paradox.The article, Benefits of College Degree in Recession Are Outlined, by Prez-Pea (2013) presents a ecological niche scenario that seemed to favor people with colleg e degrees. The hardships associated with the 2007-2009 recession were less felt by people with college degrees compared to people with high groom diploma and associates degrees. Holders of college degrees observed a slight change in their percentage charter drop, while holders of high school diploma and associates degrees saw their wages drop by at least double the college graduates percentage.The recession was a good measure of the positions held by various command levels in the labor market. On the same note, the recession tested job security concerns that holders of certificates, diploma, and degrees have in relation to their respective level of education. Personally, the recession outlined that advanced education level are expose and relatively stable in time of economic hardships. The labor market is increasingly shifting its film towards advanced knowledge, skills, experience, and individual competitiveness.The article, The Go-Nowhere Generation, by Buchholz and Victoria (2012) is an account of a growing behavior

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case study - Essay utilisationA patient might not understand why a particular medication may not be available in his/her country. For instance, a 46-year old woman who purchased an over-the-counter weight red medicine in South America cannot buy the similar medication in US. Your health teaching method as a care provider is to inform them of the role of FDA and the process underlying the issue. The FDA restricts and regulates imported medications to terminus safety of individuals. In addition to this regulation and unavailability of some drugs is the era it takes for a drug approval. The time it takes from a drug approval starting from the drug discovery to the FDAs Inspectional Background and Data is 22 months duration of waiting (Hertzman, 9). Aside from FDAs restriction in the drug approval process, a house-to-house risk assessment is performed to determine safety and efficacy of a certain drug to human subjects. In line with this are phases of clinical development and are categorized in variant I to Phase III (Madzarevic, 49).

Florida electorate's buyer's remorse of governor Rick Scott and Essay

Florida electorates buyers remorse of governor Rick Scott and Floridas lack of a recall process - Essay utilizationIn exploit 68% of those interviewed agreed held this viewpoint as shown by the poll results (Brown 1). The State of Legislatures ar overly sharing same disapproval from the Florida voters just like the governor, and their rating is 56-27% as at may 2011, man in April it was 47-35 (Brown 2). In spite of this low rating of governor Rick Scott, voters have little election since they cannot send him back home until his term ends. This is because Florida State lacks gubernatorial recall process. This paper thus examines these counterpart issues facing Florida State, the dissatisfaction of the Florida electorate with Governor Rick Scott and Floridas lack of a gubernatorial recall process. The dissatisfaction of the Florida electorate with Governor Rick Scott Governor Rick Scott does not merely seem more detested, he is, indeed, increasingly getting unpopular. As pointed step up by Marc Capato in his Poll shows increase in Florida voters dislike for Gov. Rick Scott published by generation/Herald, this has been revealed by most recent survey through with(p) by Quinnipiac University that involved 1,499 registered voters in Florida. The poll results indicated that 48% of voters disapproved his work as a governor this was double the figure in a poll done in February, 2011 by the same university. Those who approved his work were merely 35%, showing a pooh-pooh in the percentage (Capato). However, the Governor in responding to the poll results stated that, he was not worried nearly the poll results rather he was concerned with solving problems (Capato). There are varied reasons that have contributed to Scotts popularity decline, there include economy that is not doing well, with 60% stating their dissatisfaction on how he is running the economy, Power struggles with opposite legislatures from his Republican party, A recently rejuvenated left that h ighly dislikes him, and a hard-right governing approach he utilise that appears to annoy Democrats and independent votes (Capato). Another major reason for his declining popularity is his proposed calculate. In this reckon Scott proposes deep cuts in financial backing and a layoff of 6,000 jobs of state workers (Capato). In deed, the results from the Quinnipiac University show that over 53% of voters oppose the proposed calculate. This is because they view it has unfair to them, exactly 37% approve the budget measures (Brown 2). A third of voters approve the manner in which the Governor has handled the budget issue, but 55% do not (Capato). The results further show that more that 50% voters feel that the cuts are very drastic, 29% feel the budget is okay, and only 16% feel more cuts should be taken (Capato). However, there is a general agreement that the states budget needs to be readdressed as 95% of voters said (Brown 2). According to Brown (2) the numbers on perceived fairn ess of the budget proposed by the Governor is very critical. He notes that, when voters by nearly 2-1 state that his Scotts approach to the budget is unfair to them, then that is a big political warning indicator for the Governor (Brown 2). In deed Brown categorically warns that when voters think that they are being treated unfairly, they seem to react negatively (Brown 2). In spite of the new property damages law that was signed by Scott, voters assert that getting insurance today is more difficulty and more costly. Accordingly, 63% of the polled voters

Developing coaching and mentoring within organisations Essay - 1

Developing coaching and mentoring within organisations - see ExampleTo achieve the above objective the report follows the chartered institute of personnel and development (CIPD) appraisal activity. Five different models of coaching and mentoring were evaluated. Models assessed include Boyatzis, iceberg, 5Rsdiagram, RAM model, and wheels of good practices.Richard Boyatzis model is based on a formula that he had developed that involved the intention to change stage to a long fixed behavioural change. According to Boyatzis (2008) an soulfulness can achieve sustainable change only if he envisions the type self. In fact, the Boyatzis Model necessitates an honest assessment of oneself if it is to prove effective within the organization. This model transforms the behaviour of the individualThe above model by Boyatzis has many strengths such as giving individuals a sense of counselor and responsibility, developing their skills, abilities and capabilities, helps them conceptualize things and become more proactive and self confident about their work. The weaknesses, though few, depends upon the individuals themselves. These include, the terra firma they come from, the language they speak, their ability to converse and move with other individuals of different backgrounds, their beliefs and customs etc.Sigmund Freuds Iceberg Model depicts three levels of human consciousness, where the unconscious(p) mind is the biggest part, but it is repressed. According to Freud, this repressed or hidden part, it is most influential. The second part is the mid section that is influenced to a certain extent by the brain. The third part is the conscious portion that we make use of o a daily derriere and this is the portion responsible for all our thoughts and actions. In Freuds opinion, all our thoughts and actions are influenced by the hidden unconscious mind.Freuds Iceberg Model can be made use of within an organization to

CASE STUDY ASSIGNMENT Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

grant - Case Study ExampleIn bloody shame Kay, it would seem that there was not an evident develop between the roles of entrepreneur and owner-manager (Underwood 2003). bloody shame Kay embodied the traits of both roles and appears to have been able to comfortably slip into unity role or the other depending on circumstances. For instance, as an owner-manager, Mary Kay exhibited a very strong immanent locus of control. Essentially, she was able to encourage herself to embrace new roles. She was actually motivated by her own cleverness to believe that she could make her business a success just by making the most of her god-given traits. In addition, she exhibited great courage in her ability to take risks in order to develop her business fleck also aiming to be the best in her chosen field.There were also situational factors that helped Mary Kay to success later on she launched her business. Her demotion in her place of work at a cartridge clip when she was supposed to be promo ted merely served to back her into launching out on her own. While it may be seen as a disadvantage, the absence of women from the body of work may actually have helped Mary Kay to reach the level of success that she did. If there were more women in the Beauty industry, the competition would have divided the market and forced Mary Kay Inc. to be more innovative in order to win clients (Underwood 2003). Mary Kays religion also played a major role in her life. She believed that God wanted the best for her, and this belief spurred her into action even when she faced rejection.Mary Kay launched a business with just nine employees and hardly enough capital at a time when the majority of women in America tended to focus on making homes for their families. She faced discrimination on the stem of her gender when she approached financial institutions for huge loans. She did not have enough money to launch her operation, but did it anyway. Mary Kays ambitiousness showed

Their eyes were watching God has been called an awakening Essay

Their eyes were watching God has been called an waken novel.Discuss the meaning of this name and relate it to janie - Essay ExampleJanie returns her hometown draggled and tired out. Everyone is astonished to see her in this condition. She becomes the subject of reflection for porch sitters who gossip outside her friend Pheoby and her husband Sam Watsons home. However, Pheoby defends her and tries to comfort her by asking her what has happened during the locomote few months. She takes Janie to her house and offers her food and comfort and empathically listens to her story. A theme of judgment thus develops in the story. Porch sitters judged Janie in a wrong way by using harsh words and criticizing her past actions and current looks, whereas Pheoby, existence a nice human and a good friend, chose to comfort her. Obviously Pheobys choice and actions were a lot better than those of the porch sitters. Janie begins telling her story from her early childhood when she used to live with her grandmother Nanny. 1 day she was in the backyard of her home when a boy named Johnny Taylor meets her and kisses her. After watching this grandma decides that Janie should repair married to a capable man who can look after her and protect her. So she decides to espouse her to Logan Killicks who is a much older man and can offer Janie protection and a potato farm. The causality Hurston compares Janies life with a guide stating, Janie saw her life uniform a great tree in leaf with the things suffered, things enjoyed, things done, and undone. (Chapter 2, Paragraph 1, Page 8) thus emphasizing the fact that Janie experienced sexual awakening in her grandmas backyard as she is amazed at the blooming pear tree. Hurston uses metaphors for Janie to express her apricot by stating, She had glossy leaves and bursting buds and she wanted to struggle with life but it seemed to elude her. (Chapter 2, Paragraph 15, Page 11). In The Awakening, Edna is already married but she falls in love with another man, Robert. There was Roberts ravish making itself felt by a quicker, fiercer, more overpowering love, which had awakened within her toward him (Chopin, 1899, pg219). After her marriage ceremony with Logan, Janie didnt find the true love she was looking for. She visits her home seeking grandmas advice saying, Ah wants things sweetened wid mah marriage lak when you sit under a pear tree and think (Chapter 3, Paragraph 26, Page 23). still grandma just gives her a wait-and-see advice. This first marriage has only brought unhappiness and loneliness for Janie. At this shoot down her dream of love and felicity dies and she begins to understand that marriage did not make love. (Chapter 3, Paragraph 31, Page 25) Logan treat all of Janies feelings and desire for love and wanted her just to work on his farm like his first wife. Their relationship soon starts to get worse. Janie once told Logan, If you can stand not to chop wood and tote wood Ah reckon you can stand not t o git no dinner. (Page 45). Janie then meets Joe, a stylish and sophisticated man. After having been talking for many days they finally decide to run out-of-door and get married to each other. They arrive in town and get married. Soon Joe is elected as the mayor of the town and he gets himself busy in building and developing his new town, paying subaltern or no attention to his wife

Nutrition Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nutrition - Coursework ExampleOn average, most people argon supposed to have a calories percentage from carbohydrates of approximately 50 percent, and between 16- 21 percent from protein and 30 percent from a elaborate source (Berni et al., 2008).Another importance is total micronutrients intake. Though in small quantities, micronutrients ar critical for a number of body functions. A diverse diet raises the probability that all your minerals and vitamins lacks will be met (Collins, Myatt, & Golden, 1998). The final importance is hydration, which is an important concern since our bodies contain about 60-75 percent of water, which is critical in transport, temperature command and nutrients absorption (Collins & Myatt, 2000).The results show that proteins, fats and carbohydrates are the 3 major macronutrients due to their roles in the human body. They are the of import components of our diet. Our bodies also require others nutrients such as vitamins and minerals even though in muc h smaller quantities. They are therefore referred to as micronutrients. Each macronutrient has vital functions in the body (Kattelmann, 2006).Its main role in the body includes building, maintaining and repairing body tissue. Its highly recommended to physically active individuals because their muscle tissue is in constant need of repair. The other roles of protein in the body are production of enzymes and hormones, which perform vital functions. Proteins are also use to aid in the immune process (Knivsberg, 2003).The main function of fat is protection among its many roles in the human body. Insulation for keeping body temperature and protection of body organs through cushioning are also functions of fat in the body. Fats promote growth and development and maintain cell membranes. In addition, fats bleed a vital role in vitamin digestion. Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat soluble vitamins which recall that for them to be absorbed into the system of the body they need fats (Metheny et al.,

Risk assessment and risk management associated with Carbon Capture and Literature review

pretend assessment and risk management associated with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) - Literature review ExampleThis throttle is produced from industries, vehicle emissions and households. Reduction in the amount of speed of light dioxide released from industries would lead to significant cuts in the levels of carbon dioxide in the melodic line thereby helping to control global warming and save the environment from the devastating impacts of global warming. One option explored in reducing the industrial carbon emission is the carbon arrive and sequestration (CCS) (Gerard and Wilson, 2009, p. 1097). They describe carbon capture and sequestration as the process where carbon will be captured from industrial sources and its ultimately disposal it by storing it in underground geologic reservoirs rather than releasing it to the atmosphere (Stephens, 2006, p. 4). Carbon capture and storage is an attractive option as it will allow industries to continue employ fossil fuels as it h elps to stabilize the atmospheric levels of carbon emissions (Newmark, Friedmann & Carroll, 2010, p. 651). Moreover, CCS is both commercially viable and technologically feasible.Although CCS body a viable option in helping stabilize the atmospheric carbon levels, it still has to expose it is a feasible option in term of cost and harmlessness to the environment (Warning on carbon capture liability, 2007, p. 8). This means that it is possible to understand the risks associated with this technology and diverse strategies to manage this risk with accept risks to the environment and human health and safety (Farret et al., 2011, p. 4193). The technology of carbon capture and storage is a clay with four interrelated elements which should be studied in understanding the risks of the technology. These elements include capture, transport, injection and storage (Farret et al., 2011, p. 4193). ... ry, the public, regulative agencies, customers, governments and in-plant personnel require that companies must demonstrate a commitment to control possibilities of incidents and hazards by conducting environmental, health and health related risks assessment. There are several methods that can be used in analysing risks involved such as Fault Tree Analysis technique (FTA), Life Cycle judgment, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) among others. Some of this techniques have been used other industries such as nuclear, chemical and oil and gas industries unless have not been incorporated in analysing the risks associated with CCS although the risks are similar.FTA is an example of these methodologies which have successfully been used in risks assessment in nuclear and chemical industries although it has not been incorporated in CCS. Purpose of the Study This report will review available literature addressing the risks assessment sand risk management of carbon capture and storage. The main aim of this study is to quantify the main risks associated with CCS project by the u se of FTA method. This will then be used by the insurance companies to calculate the probability of an undesired event, identify safety precise functions/components/phases and assess the effects of design changes. This will in-turn be used to enable them adjust their present terms and premium rates when insuring CCS projects against risks. Moreover, the findings of this paper will help regulators and policy makers to better tailor the legislations to address the risks associated with CCS. 2.0 soft Risk Assessment Environmental Risk Assessment (2004, p. 1) explains that risk has varying meanings depending on different contexts. To a common man, risks imply the concept of probability and

Land law Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

fine-tune law - Outline Example(b).Gill find herself in a situation where thither atomic number 18 people claiming to have interest on the earthly concern she has just acquired from Selina Morton. These parties claim differently and their proper(a)s if any are subject field to this discussion.As for Collins J is, he claims that he has exclusive right over a atomic number 5 that in the land that was sold to Gill. He claims that an date in his favour was made by one Mona Siddique who alleged to have acquired a lease to use the barn from Selina Moron for a period of 25 years. It is this lease that was assigned to Colin Jones. This being a lease of more than 7 years, it ought to be registered for it to be efficacious from the official copy of register, there is an entry of a registered lease up to the year 2035. However, an alleged assignment of the lease by the initial lessee to Collins was not registered. This is contrary to law and is therefore unenforceable by Collins agains t Gill. Collins has no right as the assignee for want of registration of assignment instrument. However, Mona has a right to claim under the lease and occupy the barn. This means that Gill will have to occupy subject to the rights of Mona created under the lease agreement (Land Registration Act 2002).As for Harold, he claims that he has passed through the land transferred to Gill as short cut to his hives for fifty years. Harold is therefore claiming a right of way. A right of way is an easement which ought to satisfy all the elements of a valid easement for it to be recognised. First, there mustiness be a dominant tenement and a servient tenement. This means that there must be someone using this land and the land that is being used. Secondly, the person using the land of another must have been allowed to use it by the owner. Thirdly, the owners of the two parcels of land (dominant tenement and Servient tenement must be

How can we adapt the design & structure of a british mosque in order Essay

How can we adapt the design & structure of a british mosque in order for it to come with the architectural development of the modern world (britain) - Essay ExampleBut Min art and/or dome is/ atomic number 18 cl signaled to be divine properties of mosques and any rejection of them is seen as an opposition to Islam. Edwards Said in his Orientalism says clearly that such symbols argon truly needed as, we on the whole need some foundation on which to stand. (3)In many of the separate of Britain it has been seen that a different kind of religious structures of mosques are formed. Thus, excluding minarets and domes. The public face of mosques need greater forethought according to traditionalists. They question that how such buildings of ever changing context in Britain can be associated with Muslim world.It should also be considered that 40-50 years ago the immigrants were quite happy to pray in a moderate shift house in a terrace house. And as the worship place seemed too depressed they also didnt mind in buying and converting the schools, bigger houses and warehouses into buildings of worship. This clearly indicates that the only important thing in Islam is to offer prayers to Allah without any external support needed as minarets and domes.Another contemporary leading mosque builder, Al- Sumaria is 1 of the new generations of Muslims who has much radical approach and states that, There are four features you must have, first of all you must have a dome you must have a minaret, you must have a Mehrab (the equivalent to an alter) you must have a babul Sulum what we call a frontal entrance. Those 4 features are of predominant importance, without it really any place can be a mosque. (4)This is the basic generational issue where just about of the elders do not accept the modern architecture, confiding into commission of building, still not understanding what good enough architecture is. The younger generation finds the traditional style mosques quite old fashio ned and want something more(prenominal) exciting while containing the basic essence that is true worship. According to Al-Sumaria the traditional British Mosques are not doing what people who want the building to respond should. Today the purpose built buildings are a trash more established as people want to raise some money from these to procure the buildings and abject from the adhock alteration of a building. But is it fundamental. The question is serious only if the essential essence of Mosques will be forgotten i.e. converting a building only to make it useful for praying, for Muslim worship.Aim, Objectives and HypothesisThe central aim of the paper is to present the ideal structure and architecture of Mosques in Britain and if any of the modern contemporary changes are affecting the basic element of faith of Islam. The idea of the mosque ever since is that it is place of worship serving as a sacred and clean space for prayer and also providing counselling, education and oth er services associated with the bring in of a community. They only need is to provide a space for all these services without any shoot relation with minarets and domes. K. Alavi highlights that, historically the mosque is an institution with four major roles a place of worship, a centre of education, a judicial court and a centre for political and administrative

Personal statement for USC MAcc Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

For USC MAcc - Personal Statement ExampleDespite the suffering, I felt that it was my responsibility to insure that everything run smoothly. I went to the business location and with the help of some few senior officers, I ensured that coordination among the various business organs was good enough to eliminate inconveniences. Having learnt that I was among the top management aggroup of the business at the time, one employee altered some financial document for somebodyal gain. Being non an expert in the land, I did not realize the alterations until one of the senior accountants informed me. This was very ambitious to me and I decided not to be taken advantage of in future. This developed my passion for be and I decided to take my studies in this field in a reputable institution of high learning that would prepargon me to handle challenging problems. The institution of choice has been USC.In my undergraduate studies, I canvas accounting with a major in finance, which has increa sed my knowledge in this field. This provides me with a good seat in studying masters in accounting. The USC has been observed to be one of the best institutions in the field of business. This has given it credit not only to the residents of this country but also worldwide. It is the dream of every person to get access to the best information in his field of education in order to be able to conveniently handle different challenges that whitethorn arise, which makes USC a university of choice. In addition, it is evident that there sustain been numerous transformations in the business and accounting fields resulting from tremendous technological advancements. Considering this is necessary in ensuring that the students are well conversant with the use of technology. This avoids committing some mistakes as well as makes the business transaction be conducted smoothly. Moreover, one stands in a better position to offer support to other people who may not have sufficient knowledge in the field but may

Abraham Lincoln and Primary Documents Quiz Essay Example for Free

Abraham capital of Nebraska and Primary Documents Quiz Essay1. One author maintains that slaves in the sec ar the happiest and freest people in the world and workers in the North atomic number 18 not. How this is so?2. For OSullivan, how would California benefit once separated from Mexico?3. According to Angelina Grimke, what could women do to contri yete to the abolition of thralldom? Women played a vital role in the causal agency to abolish thralldom, although they themselves lacked even the right to vote. Their campaign techniques were employed to great effect in the struggle for suffrage. In the early years, women influenced the campaign to abolish slavery, but they were not direct activists. This accorded with the prevalent view of women as a moral not a semipolitical force. As the campaign gained popularity, they could publish anti-slavery poems and stories.4. Why does Lincoln in the House Divided speech conceive the pro-slavery side was winning regarding the exp ansion of slavery in the territories? Why does Calhoun in opposing the Compromise of 1850 think back the South was at a disadvantage? Because starting the new year of 1854 found slavery excluded from to a greater extent than half the States by State Constitutions, and from most of the National territory by Congressional prohibition. Four eld later, commenced the struggle which ended in repealing that Congressional prohibition. This opened all the National territory to slavery, and was the first head up gained Although each side received benefits, the north seemed to gain the most. The North had absolute control over the government. The South5. Garrison and Fitzhugh refer to Declaration of Independence in their excerpts. How do they use the Declaration? Garrison uses Jeffersons declaration as a foundation that to prove his thought and to convince the society. his Declaration of Sentiments of the American Anti-Slavery normal is strongly convincing. He confirms that all persons of color, ought to be admitted forthwith to the enjoyment f the aforementioned(prenominal) privileges, and the exercise of the same prerogatives, as others and that the paths of preferment, of wealth, and of intelligence, should be opened as widely to them as to persons of a white complexion. No motion what are your skin color, and what gender you are in, all people should have the way to be educated, deep and happy. What he advocates is quite similar with Jeffersons claim that all man have the right to out of bounds their happiness.George Fitzhughs ideas are totally against Garrison. He is a representative of thought that men are not born equal. Whites are strong, healthy, smart, and blacks are weak, sickly, and fond. He stated that Their natural inequalities beget inequalities of rights. African American is stupid so they deserve to have no right. Furthermore, African Americans are lower than whites they cannot survive in society without being modified so they need the white man for survival. However, I disagree with Fitzhugh. I think the reason why black people is foolish, and cannot competitive with white people is they are not allowed to get access to knowledge.White people control their lives and brainwash their minds therefore, they only have a narrow view that they deserve to be slaves, and they ought to do free labor work for whites. They are foolish because they are uneducated, and because how whites treat them. If African Americans were educated, then they would be a threat to white people. They are unbroken foolish so it is easy to control them.6. What were the strategies of Garrison and Douglass in opposing slavery?7. Compare Lincolns First and Second Inaugural addresses. What do you think was his purpose in each? Lincolns main purpose in his First Inaugural Address was to allay the anxieties of the southern states that their property, peace, and personal security were exist because a Republican administration was taking office. The purpose of Lincolns second inaugural address was to state that slavery was the key component that led to the civil war and he stated that it was possible that slavery had offend God and he retaliated by causing conflict which started the war.He said that since there was now peace, they should hire advantage of that and begin a time of reconciliation where there was malice towards no one and bounty for everyone..Lincoln contradicts himself, giving false hope to southerners hoping to hold onto slavery. He says in his first Inaugural address that he has no plans to interfere (directly or indirectly) with the institution of slavery, also saying he had no right to do so. He still holds onto the idea of secession and how we are a perpetual union and by no means should we be divided.Lincoln leaves the idea of taking actions towards slavery in his first address in general to win some supporters in the middle states, paying off with West Virginias loyalty to the union. Towards the end of the civic War, Lincoln make a transformation as he turns bolder (evident in his second inaugural address), disowning slavery and all of its practices, issuing the Emancipation Proclamation. This new view of Lincoln sent a nervous spirit throughout the South, especially for Lincoln.

Physical Fitness Test Essay Example for Free

carnal Fitness Test EssayResearch Strategy and Design The researchers leave alone be using the descriptive strategy to case the facts derived from the research. The researchers impart be using the descriptive strategy in order to agree prevailing conditions and to give soft and quantitative description. This strategy is intended to answer questions about the current res publica of the problem the researchers be studying and the individuals involve. The researchers will also be describing each factor that contributes to physical need of cadets.The researchers concern is not the relationship between these factors and the cadets but of the description and elaboration of these factors. On the other hand, the researchers will be using the survey research design to give a qualitative and quantitative description of the problem. The survey research design will be a fact conclusion study with accurate and adequate interpretation, (Calderon and Gonzales, 2007). This would help the researchers to gather data needed in the study in order to have a precise data for the researchers analysis.This will also give a clear and accurate picture of the individual being studied. Population and Locale of the Study The summate population of the study will be cadets of the Cadet Corps Armed Forces of the Philippines (CCAFP) composed of firstclass, secondclass, thirdclass and fourthclass cadets. The place of the study will be at the Cadet Corps Armed Forces of the Philippines, Philippine Military Academy, Fort del Pilar, Baguio City. The researchers will use the stratified random sampling in order to arrest the number of respondents since the population amount to 875 cadets.This method will yield the manageable prototype that will be studied and be interpreted respondents. The researchers will use this sampling technique because the participants are randomly selected from the different classes in the CCAFP. The researchers will be using the Slovins Formula as statis tical tool in getting the total sample of the respondents. Slovins Formula n= ( N / (1 + Ne? ) ) in which n= the size of the sample N= the size of the population e= the margin of error Computation n= ( N / (1 + Ne? ) ) ( 875 / 1 + (875 ? 0. 10? ) ) = 89. 74 or 90 cadets There would be a total of 90 cadets that are needed to accomplish the study. The researchers will get 23 respondents for the firstclass and seconclass cadets and 22 respondents for the thirdclass and fourthclass cadets. statistical Treatment of Data Statistical treatment gives meaning and interpretation to data (Calderon and Gonzales, 2007). Without it, the data gathered cannot be associated to give answers to the problems posed in the research study.In order to arrive at precise analysis and interpretation of the results, the proponents will be utilizing different tools in treating the data. In the study, the researchers will be making use of the weighted mean to determine the extent of the factors that contribute t o the deficiency of the cadets in Physical Fitness Test. In the second part of the questionnaire and maiden and 2nd specific statement of the problem, the weighted mean will be calculated using the followers formula ?fx X = ______ ?fWhere X = weighted arithmetic mean ?fx = sum of completely products of f and x where f is the frequency and x is the weight of each option ? f = sum of all subjects The obtained answer will be rounded off to the nearest whole number and whatever grade obtained corresponds to the characteristic given by the scale. The profile of the respondents will be treated using percentage distribution. The researchers will then be able to assess the respondents or the population in general. In order to pass off a ignificant difference in the responses from the different age, class, Body Mass Index (BMI) and sex, the digest of Variance (ANOVA) is employed. This statistical tool will test the hypothesis that there is a significant difference in the 1. Responses o f the cadets belong to an age bracket. 2. Responses of the cadets belonging to different class. 3. Responses of the cadets having different Body Mass Index (BMI). 4. Responses of the cadets having different sex. The formula for the Analysis of Variance will be given by F = MS MSe Where MS = Mean uncoiled MSe = Mean square error

Do Companies Have a Responsibility Not to Destroy the Environment or Should Profits Be Allowed at Any Environmental Cost Essay Example for Free

Do Companies Have a Responsibility non to Destroy the Environment or Should Profits Be Allowed at Any Environmental Cost raiseWe target live a change in every organizational activities, as in marketing, for congresswoman Mc Donald change their previous red logotype, in green one, A juvenile one, for a red-hot eco-system protecting plan. In this question we atomic number 18 going to see many another(prenominal) element, which get out prove that companies urinate a responsibility to take c are more or less the environs. In this research, a melting pot of arguments pass on be show, to understand if businesses and factories guide to dirty instead of adapting their vogue to work in function of surround and sustainable tuition. Real fact ordain help to understand the point of view.Firms activities have big environmental impact, its take a major part of naturals resources and reject in the environment. Oil and chemicals industries are not the nevertheless companie s, which polluted. Every single riotous consumes altogether material as water, energy and others. Its also rejected some substances more or little harmful in the environment. More everyplace the intensive consumption of raw material have big impact on the extinction many species, or animal whoremonger become endangered. Deforestation in some country appears because companies want to contract more and more, al elbow rooms more.If firms continue to take resources as now, there will be an exhaustion of raw material as oil and gas. Climate change is partly caused by every reject by firms, in terms of polluting gas, chemical stuff and pollution in the see. As estimable planet state in their article, a cellulose factory has been closed by the government because they notice that to much pollution as been providing by this factory. In fact, around this factory the Baikal lac was very pollute. The vice Prime Minister Arkadi Dvokovitch announces that the factory will be close as soon as likely We decided to close the plant cellulose Baikalsk.As the government said, a care project is taking part in this area of Russia. The fact that firms do not respect the environment can be dangerous in different way. In this case, 1700 peoples became unemployed, because it shutting. existence becomes less and less happy because of the different ways of pollution of the country. That is why everyone losing something government loses reputation, to let factories pollute in the country. Firms have to be shutdown because its disrespect the environment. The reputation is very important for a union it is one of the most important things to maximize profit.Peoples way to speak about a order makes it stronger, if its have a good reputation. More often companies can have a bighearted rap When it is important to see what are peoples problems and what are the environmental problems, company are less fascinate. Furthermore, it is normally the bigger business, which pollute the most. It is possible to make profit, and make a maximizing profit not in spit of polluting. But head directors prefer giving money to government as fines, instead of polluting less and earn less money.Refers to the case of Pfizer industry, which is one of the biggest pharmaceutical firms from France. As Bschool wrote in an article, Pfizer has the most important interpret of polluting performance in all categories Pfizer has a bad record on numerous fronts. This big company has been fined many times by authorities, for environmental violations, in terms of air contamination, because rejected lots of untamed chemicals into the atmosphere. After many recommendations by government, Pfizer industry did not take care about it, and favored move to earned money and maximizing profit.This unconscious act proves that head manager who where at the top of the firm did not think about environmental and social problem, and did not feel concerned by security. agree again to Bschool, In 2009, the com pany became more open minded and aware of what she did, and try to reconsolidated the public smell with an offer to charity In 2009, Pfizer gave more than $60 million to charity, amounting to an astounding 24,2% of its total net winnings for the year. Thanks to regulation and authority to act in this different case, because we all know that is not the only to act in this way with people and environment.Nowadays, people become more and more involved about the protection of the environment. People, company and government try to find together some alternative to stay on the road in term of ecology. At the begging of the XIX century, the industrial revolution and the saving are based on the absolute search of gain. It is difficult to get back and primary think to the development instead of maximizing profit. Therefore company and government had to make some agreement for sustainable development.For example, gibe to Jonathan Maxwell, SDCLs CEO Reducing demand for energy is potential ly the most cost- effective and rational way of simplification emissions and improving the security of energy supply. The UK regulator, Ofgem, recently predicted in its first annual Electricity talent Assessment that the amount of spare capacity in the system could fall from 14% to 4% in the next 3 years, raising the specter of outages and price rises. This ground-breaking agreement between SDCL, Kingspan and Johnson Controls represents a major tincture forward towards a scalable and replicable solution, funded through energy savings achieved.This kind of action is present nationwide and internationally. Government want to reduce a lot Co2e emissions in the world that is why big action concentrate many countries all around the world. States have to sign a convention, and adopt comportment afterwards that. The majority of restriction are involved by the OMC (World Trade Organization). Refers to the professor Michael Porter, teacher in Harvard note School, the Porter hypothesis ( citation). Supporting his thesis from 1991, the main idea of environmental regulation is to institute programs firms reducing some externalities.Mr. Porter said also if companies are doing it by themselves it is considerably normal that businesss profits, by definition necessarily decrease. So the profit of factory can decrease if companies are adopting new rules for sustainable development. In different case, it is better making profit than take care about the environment and sustainable development. The first of a company is to make profit, and more precisely a maximization of profit. A lot of Head business managers prefer pollute and make profit, rather than adopts rules for ecology, and change the global way of the firm.A survey on the green economy post show that around 34% of executives polled preferred to stay on a good move with their company and prefer see the whole economy of the business on prosperity According to this Survey, 34% of executives polled said that their firm s immediate monetary goals were of more importance than practicing sustainability. There are lots of problems in changing methods to produce for a company, the counselling of the polluting rubbish, change machine that will be less dangerous for the environment. So that is why manager do not care about nature and public opinion.Even if there are many inconvenient, it is possible to see company which was able to accept this change in term of environment protection. As we see in the introduction, Mc Donald changes many things in the company. For example the logo, to be in coherence with sustainable development, the logo was red and now its green, the environment color. After that, it is not only a picture of a good company, which wants to have a good behavior with environment there are some benefits that Mc Donald can catch benefits. Referring to Bob Langert, who is VP, Corporate social responsibility at Mc Donalds corporation slide fastener is really our No. issue, he said. When yo u look at the dollars we spend, and the impact we have on the environment, and the progress we can make to do better, and use our size and influence to make a difference, its energy. Bob Langert tell us this information in an interview, in a US TV channel called alternative channel To conclude, we proverb different aspect from making profit instead of taking care about the environment. Along this research it is prove that it is better to contribute to sustainable development and be aware of consequences of pollution.Even if it is hard to spare to earn lots of money and make a maximize profit for business. Help nature and it will reward you. Bibliography * McDonalds Golden Rules for Energy Efficiency and Sustainability Sustainable Development and Humanitarian Causes The Alternative convey Blog. McDonalds Golden Rules for Energy Efficiency and Sustainability Sustainable Development and Humanitarian Causes The Alternative Channel Blog. Web. * The 10 Most Socially haughty Big Br ands BSchool. com Business Schools Directory. BSchoolcom Business Schools Directory The 10 Most Socially Irresponsible Big Brands Comments.Web. * Une Usine De Cellulose Qui Pollue Le Lac Baikal Va Fermer. Une Usine De Cellulose Qui Pollue Le Lac Baikal Va Fermer. Web. * Corporations and the Environment. Global Issues. N. p. , n. d. Web. * Sustainable Development detonator LLP. Sustainable Development Capital LLP. Print 2012 * Robert A. G. Monks and Nell Minow, Power and Accountability, 1991 an on-line book, originally written 1991 * Richard Robbins, Global Problems and the Culture of Capitalism (Allyn and Bacon, 1999), pp. 233-236 * Resources for the future day RFF. org. Resources for the Future RFF. org. N. p. , n. d. Web

Argument. Men and particularly princes Essay Example for Free

Argument. custody and particularly princes EssayArgumentIntroduction Men and particularly princes should be in truth careful when fashioning their decisions and they should not be concerned by the making decisions that always favors their subjects and fri curiositys but they should be concerned more on the outcomes of their decisions and whether those decisions will benefit their state. I potently believe that there should not be procedures and methods set to be used by princes in transaction with their fri ends and subjects. This is because distinct situations require to be handled differently since the societies keeps changing and therefore, princes should not follow set procedures and methods. Princes are judged by their subjects through their qualities which will make their subjects either to praise them or to blame them. However, it would be very catchy for the princes to fulfill all the qualities that their subjects expect them to have due to human nature. Therefore, princes should be very careful to trip out from bad reputation of those evils which would make them lose the state. I agree with the statement that a fibre which seems to be a virtue, if pursued may end up destructing the individual who decides to pursue such a fictitious character while another quality which places to be a vice, if an individual decides to pursue such a vice might end up macrocosm more beneficial to such an individual and to the society. Therefore, princes should be very prudent when making decisions since a quality which seems to be vice may end up being a virtue, and vice versa. Princes can be generous which seems to be a virtue but may end up giving them a bad reputation among their subjects. This is because such princes maybe generous and end up using up all their resources or overburdening their subjects with excessive taxes and doing everything possible in order to the funds. This quality of sympathy may give such princes a bad reputation and his gene rosity may end up offending their subjects thus hating their princes. Also through not being generous may head up them to appear to be a miser according to their subjects. For instance, Pope Julius II although he used his generosity to derive papacy however he decided to end his generosity in order to reduce the expenditures so as to be able to wage war. Therefore, princes should use any virtue such as generosity in a way that will not harm them. In this regard, princes should avoid overburdening subjects or bonnie poor as a result of their generosity. Also, in order for a prince to avoid destroying their ordinance they should not mind being branded as misers since this would be a key vice that would help them to rule their subjects. Although princes should avoid being untamed and should be merciful but they should be very careful not to abuse their mercy. This is because being too merciful may be abused which may ternion to disoblige in a state resulting to increased execra tions thus harming the society at large. For instance, although cesare Borgia was regarded cruel, he was able to fasten order, peace and unity in Romagna through his cruelty. Therefore princes should not mind being refereed to be cruel in their attempts to keep their subjects loyal and united. It would be much safer for princes to be feared than being loved by their subjects. In this regard they should do anything to ensure that there is order, peace and unity in their states even if it means fetching someones life for the benefit of their states at large. This may result to some of their subjects hating them however, this would be little harmful to them and also it would beneficial to their states at large. Princes should not care much on keeping their promises to their subjects and in some circumstances the princes are supposed to manipulate their subjects mind with shrewdness if this would be more safer for them and also if this would be more beneficial to their state. Princes must be aware of how to deal with different situations since fulfilling their promises in some circumstances would bring harm to them and to their subjects. In such situations such princes should be tonic and know how to deceive their subjects to avoid fulfilling their promises where they feel that keeping their words would bring harm to their state or to themselves. In this regard, princes are not necessitated to have all the good qualities but it is very important for them to appear as if they have them. This is because having those all qualities and practicing all of them would bring more harm. For example, appearing being faithful, religious, merciful, trustworthy and clement among other good qualities would be necessary and princes should know how to practice them in different situations, however, practicing all of them would lead to more harm than good as subjects would misuse them to cause disorder which may increase the crime rates which would be harmful to the states.Ref erencesMachiavelli, Niccolo. The prince. Belle Fourche NuVision Publications, 2004. Print.Source document

The League Of Nations And United Nations Essay Example for Free

The federation Of Nations And fall in Nations EssayIntroductionInternational organizations were created basically to function according to the principles of decision-making among element countries represented by appointed or elected representatives. These powerful leaders unite and agree on an issue or in determining solutions and conclusions that involves the welfare of all races across the world. Issues like economics, international law, pitying rights and hostage of not only for developed countries but of the third world countries as well. There is a common purpose and goal, joined together for world peace. Nations are associated to work as a superstar unit.Such associations are founded many centuries ago by leaders of past generations to avoid riot, confusion and continuous killings among nations. Within these organizations, principal subordinate groups, bodies, assembly, mandates and members were structured accordingly. However, not all powerful organizations give bi rth strong foundations. Others whitethorn fail due to coincidental flaws and lapses that lead to its eventual demise. They have failed to achieve matters that concern the welfare of the people. Their go up to issues might be weak. Thus, conflicts were not resolved as they were highly expected to have been d i.The group discussion of Nations is one organization that led to such disaster. This paved way to the emergence of The United Nations. After The League of Nations failure to prevent war, it was decided to create a new tree trunk to re rear end the Leagues role.The League of Nations and the United Nations are international assemblies that have the same vision. They both aim to achieve peace among nations and security which may lead to economic stability. The difference is that the former failed as history narrates, and the latter still exists and ceaselessly binding nations for a better and peaceful world to live in. It alike has its flaws and negative arise to some(a) act ivists who are against some processes the organization implements but we can only hope that their advocacy for peace may succeed.League of NationsTo put an end to the valet struggle I, an international organization was formed. This was called The League of Nations. The organization was founded by signing peace agreements. The aim of the League was to uphold harmony and safety among international countries. The First earth War resulted to the League of Nations in a way that it made people realize that there is a need for prevention of another catastrophe (League of Nations).Its philosophy is sincere and its legacy will fall out on for the next hundred years. However its foundation became weak and has not proven that it can prevent future day world wars. The League failed to have its throw arm forces. It was very much dependent on gigantic Powers on inflicting decrees. Also, the Great Powers still had the control on which sanctions chosen by the League would be implemented.The League was overly not capable of deciding whether or not to accept taxes. Furthermore, the United Kingdom and France were hesitating on choosing military sanctions by the League. These two nations are the most powerful members of the League. League of Nations failed to achieve its mission. They should have successfully met their goals of preventing war, by means of collective security, diplomatic negotiations in calming down disputes in the midst of nations and underdeveloped global welfare (Sambasivam).The League of Nations back then had three principal structures the assembly, the council, and the secretariat. The assembly is the central body of the League. Each states representative made up the assembly. They conducted meeting every year. They were responsible in making resolutions and legal advisories. The council is a sub-group of the representatives but they were apart from the assembly.Their role was to intercede and straighten out between disputing countries. The secreta riat was the office of the General Secretary. He was the overall in-charge of the League and responsible for its every action. It also completed mandates which refer to territories defeated in the war. It formally took away sovereignty of the controlling states then transfer requisite powers to individual states among the Allied Powers (League of Nations).Due to the right of the members to represent each of their nations, they ended up protecting their own interests and lost its dedication to the goals of the League. The outbreak of ground War I would be the effect of these weaknesses and failure to convince leaders lost its supposedly powerful grip. The League of Nations would have met the dream of races of all nations all over the world of a better place to live in.The United NationsTaking over that job, after 30 years of eventual failures, is the United Nations. All services, mandates, and property were turned over to them. Founded after World War II and came into being on October 1945, it hopes to continue the vision of the past assembly for peace and security, social progress, and pop off minorities and the common people of their awareness of their human rights (History of the United Nations) .The United Nations has a more comprehensive and in-depth approach to matters concerning all nations. According to the official website of UN, the union intends to uphold respect among human races and their rights and keep and preserve the environment. It also gives attention the improvement of living standards, and fight against disease. Furthermore, agencies of UN delineate standards for safely and economically air traveling.It also deals with wrong drugs selling and terrorism through worldwide campaigns. Aside from these issues, UN also gives assistance to refugees and develops strategies in clearing up landmines. Essentially, the union also provides opportunities towards the stability of global interdependence and national sovereignty. It also encourages interests among countries when tackling international problems (UN in instruct).Compared to the League of Nations, UN has opened its doors to all nations, advocates of peace who are willing to comply with obligations presented in the Charter. The attitude of the members greatly affects the decision of the General Assembly, by the recommendation of the Security Council. It has a more systematic structure establish on five principal branches. These are UN General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Secretariat, and International judgeship of Justice respectively. It designates committees to address issues on peace and security, peacekeeping, human rights, humanitarian assistance, international development, and bureaucratic inefficiency (How the UN Works). cultivationThe League of Nations was a failure and ineffective with its performance as an assembly that might have prevented World War II. Eventually, the United Nations inherited the crisis of warring nations. UN, up to this day has continued to maintain its ability in deploying armed forces of its member nations as peacekeepers. It engages in peacekeeping and not only deals with issues of politics but also displays empathy and reaches out to other cultures through humanitarian missions.United Nations was structured as in the first place to assemble a more effective body compared to the League. Apparently, it has succeeded in calling for its nation members to give contributions with regards to armed inventions. However, in some instances unavoidable, it has been relying on economic commendations for funding. The dream continues. The UN founders envision a pleasant world to live, wherein there would be absence of conflicts and wars between nations. It is a fact that the vision is not yet realized until this day. Conflicts continue that rages across the globe. Countries decide to break-up and the dominance of leadership brings out further challenges for the United Nations.REFERENCESHistory of the United Nations. United Nations, 2000.How the UN Works. United Nations, 2000.League of Nations. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 6th ed Columbia University Press, 2007.League of Nations. Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security. The Gale Group, Inc., 2004.Sambasivam, Sivakami. Lessons from World War II. 2006.UN in Brief United Nations, 2000.

Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency Essay Example for Free

Equal Opportunity for Wo men in the piece of work Agency EssayThe Equal Opportunity for Women in the piece of work Agency (EOWA) is an Australian government self-assurance. It is statutory authority located within the portfolio of the Australian Common wealthiness Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous personal business (FaHCSIA). EOWAs role is to administer the Equal Opportunity for Women in the workplace passage 1999 (Commonwealth)1 which was passed by the federal Parliament in November 2012, and through education, assist organisations to achieve tint opportunity for women. Out followd in persona III Section 10 of the Act, the Agency is primarily a regulatory body, whose role is to every class varan the reporting of eligible Australian organisations on equal opportunity for women in their workplaces. The Agency as well has certificate of indebtedness to undertake research, educational and other programs, and much(prenominal) primarily promote the understanding of equal opportunity for women in the workplace within the community. In 2012, the Equal Opportunity for Women in the workplace Act 1999 was replaced by the Workplace Gender par Act 2012. The passing of the new legislation means the Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency has now been renamed the Workplace Gender Equality Agency. The Employer of Choice for Women (EOCFW) citation is announced annuallysince the 2001 inaugural list of 55 organisations. As of 2012, the list had grown to 125 organisations.2Gender succumb rupture in AustraliaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaMain article Gender net profit prisonbreakGender consecrate gap in Australia refers to the difference betwixt the average fe virile and average male salary. It is calcu deeplyd on the average weekly ordinary time earnings for full-time employees published by the Australian potency of Statistics. The sexual activity stand gap excludes part-time, casual earnings and ov ertime leavements.1 Australia has a persistent gender pay gap. Since 1990, the gender pay gap remained within a narrow range of between 15 and 18%.2 In May 2013, the Australian gender pay gap was 17.5%.3StudiesA 2009 report by the field Center for affable and sparing Modelling (NATSEM) watchful for the Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairsstated exploitation robust micro frugal modelling techniques, ground on a spaciotemporal and critical evaluation of some(prenominal) methodologies, we erect that simply be a woman is the major contributing factor to the gap in Australia, accounting for 60 per cent of the difference between womens and mens earnings, a decision which chew overs other Australian research in this area. Indeed, the results showed that if the effects of being a woman were removed, the average net profit of an Australian woman would increase by $1.87 per hour, equating to an additional $65 per week or $3,394 annually, base d on a 35 hour week. (The second most important factor in explaining the pay gap was industrial segregation.)2Data collected by NATSEM for the Catalyst Australia publication, Equality Speaks,4 found that the gap between the average wealth of men and women overly varies according to the occupations and industries in which they are engaged. According to industry, the braggart(a)st gap in personal wealth between men and women is within the nance and insurance domain ($330 600 versus $88 500) where many an(prenominal) women work. By contrast, there exists only a small differential in the construction industry ($63 500 versus $62 700) where few women work. In other industries where many women work, there are large wealth gaps for example, in health and community services ($174 000 versus$68 000) and retail trade ($84 000 versus $34 000). move from industry to occupation, other signicant disparities are revealed. The longest disparity between the average wealth of men and women is a mongst elementary clerical, sales and service workers ($110 400 versus $19 900). Jobs that fall within this category involve sales assistants, security guards and laundry workers. The smallest relative wealth gap can be seen in go on clerical and service workers ($91 600 versus $83 500). Jobs in this occupational category include book-keepers, personal assistants and secretaries. Ian Watson of Macquarie University also examined the gender pay according to occupation, specifically the gap among full-time managers in Australia over the period 2001-2008.He found that between 65 and 90% of this earnings differential could not be explained by a large range of demographic and elbow grease market vari adequate to(p)s. Watson notes that a major part of the earnings gap is simply due to women managers being female. He also found that despite the characteristics of male and female managers being unco similar, their earnings are very different, suggesting that discrimination plays an impor tant role in this outcome.5 Economist capital of Minnesota Miller explored the degree to which the Australian gender pay gap differs across the lock distribution and found that the gender pay gap was much greater among high wage earners than among low wage earners. At the top of the wage distribution (95th quantile) the pay gap reached 25% or more while at the bottom the pay gap was near 10%.He concluded that the notion of a rubbish ceiling, whereby women struggle to advance beyond some point in the more typical career path, is sure as shooting prevalent in the Australian labour market.6 In a similar study, Hiao Joo Kee found that the gender pay gap increase at higher(prenominal) levels of the wage distribution in the private sector jumper cable to her conclusion that a glass ceiling existed there but that the gap in the public sector was relatively constant over all percentiles. Moreover, Kee found that the accele balancen of the pay gap across the wage distribution does n ot vanish even after extensive controls. She concludes that the gender pay gap in both sectors was a result of differences in returns to the same characteristics between men and women.7 Trends in the Australian labor forceeditIn 2010 Australian females represented 50.2% of the Australian population and45.3% of the workforce.8 Trends within the Australian labour force wear female workforce participants increasingly more educated than their male counterparts with more females completing year 12 and going on to university than males in 2008 females made up 55 per cent of students enrolled in Australian ordinal institutions.9 In 2010 Finance was the industry with the widest gender pay gap at 32.2%, followed by Health billing and Social Assistance at 27.2% and Mining at 22.7%.10Cases and legislationUntil 1969, legislation allowed employers to pay women a nominal rate of pay that was 25 per cent less than male employees doing the same or similar work. In 1969 the first federal pay ca se11 set up the principle of equal pay for equal work. The 1969 case established a principle that affected 18 per cent of women workers, mostly teachers and nurses.12 In 1972, the second federal equal pay case widened the 1969 principle to equal pay for work of equal value in line with International delve Organisations Equal remuneration Convention, 1951 (100).13This meant that women were awarded the same rate of pay as men no matter what work they were doing, as long as it was assessed as comparable in value. New sec Wales (NSW) was the first Australian industrial jurisdiction to legislate for equal pay in the female order (Amendment) Act in 1958.14 In 2000, the NSW Industrial Relations Commission created Australias first Equal Remuneration Principle (ERP). The principle provides an avenue for unions to seek redress where they believe work has been undervalued on a gender basis. In 2002, the Full Bench of the NSW Industrial Relations Commission fully ratified the Crown Emplo yees (Librarians, library Assistants, Library Technicians and Archivists) Award 2002, which incorporated pay increases of up to 26%. The Commonwealth Affirmative fulfil (Equal traffic Opportunity for Women) Act 1986 was enacted to improve equity in the Australian workforce and establish the Affirmative Action Agency.It aimed to promote equal opportunity for women in employment and eliminate discrimination by the employer against women. In 1999 the agency was changed to the Equal Opportunity in the Workplace Agency to administer the Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Act 1999 (Commonwealth).15 In 2009 an Australian House of Representatives Pay right Report called on the Commonwealth administration to elevate pay equity tobe a clear objective of modern awards and recommended the establishment of a federal Pay Equity unit and the conducting of mandatory pay equity audits for companies with 100 employees or more.16 westward AustraliaWestern Australia has the largest gend er pay gap of any state or territory in Australia. As of August 2010 it was 24 per cent, representing a gap between average weekly ordinary time male and female earnings.17 Research has failed to adequately account for all the factors that underpin Western Australias relatively large gender pay gap and thus explain why its gender pay gap is higher than the rest of Australia, which was 17 per cent in August 2010.18 A specialist Pay Equity Unit in Western Australian was established in 2006 to address the States gender pay gap.The Western Australian Pay Equity team in the Department of Commerce developed the WA Pay Equity Audit Tool, a resource for employers to use in assessing workforce data and assist in the information of strategies to improve pay equity and female career progression in the workplace. The Tool was adopted nationwide by the Equal Opportunity in the Workplace Agency.19Income and wealth inequality, how is Australia faring?Australians like to echo of themselves as e galitarian, and for much of our history we believed our income and wealth was spread around evenly.The Conversation is running a series, Class in Australia, to identify, tidy up and debate its many manifestations. Here, Peter Whiteford investigates what has happened to income and wealth inequality in Australia in recent measure.Australians like to think of themselves as egalitarian, and for much of our history we believed our income and wealth was spread around evenly. For many years, the world also overlap that view. As early as the 1880s, visitorsremarked on Australias relatively equal distribution of wealth, the lack of visible(a) poverty, the countrys generally comfortable incomes and its relatively few millionaires. As late as 1967, found minister Harold Holt could say that he knew of no other free country where what is produced by the community is more fairly and evenly distributed among the community than it was in Australia. From the 1980s onwards, however, this view of Australia came under scrutiny.As historian whoremonger Hirst wrote Egalitarianism see under myths so runs the index entry in a standard sociological text on Australian society. The most common measure of inequality is the Gini coefficient, which varies between zero and bingle. If everyone had on the button the same income then it would be zero (perfect equality). If one household had all the income then it would be one (complete inequality). The most recent figures for OECD countries, from around 2010, show that Australia is the 11th most unequalof the 34 OECD members. Australia has only ever concisely been below the OECD average Gini coefficient just as the mining boom started in 2003. Trends in income inequality work out what has happened to inequality in Australia over the long term is complex. While there is disagreement closely overall trends, according to economists Andrew Leigh and Tony Atkinson, inequality declined between the 1950s and the late 1970s, with Peter Saun ders identifying an increase in the 1980s. These long-run estimates are usually based either on wage trends or income tax data, which means that findings keep back to individuals rather than households. Household incomes after benefits and taxes, however, are generally regarded as a better measure of economic resources.Since the early 1980s, the Australian confidence of Statistics (ABS) has conducted regular high-quality surveys of household incomes. The most recent survey covers the 2011-12 year. Research by economists David Johnson and Roger Wilkins found that the Gini coefficient increased from around 0.27 in 198182 to around 0.30 in 1997-98. Subsequently, the official ABS income statistics show that the Gini coefficient increased to 0.34 just forward the global financial crisis in 2008, then fell to 0.32 in 2011-12.The ABS points out that changes from year to year are sometimes not large enough to be statistically significant. Yet the accumulative picture is of an upward tre nd, punctuated with periods in which inequality has fallen. Whether the most recent fall continues or is reversed dust to be seen.Trends in wealth inequalityFor many years, statistics on the distribution of wealth were even sparser than comprehensive statistics on the distribution of income. The improvements in income statistics achieved by the ABS were more recently matched by the collection of information on wealth or more precisely on net worthy (assets minus liabilities). According to the ABS, the wealthiest 20% of Australian households, with an average net worth of A$2.2 million per household in 2011-12, accounted for 61% of tote up household net worth. The poorest 20% of households accounted for 1% of total household net worth, and had an average net worth of $31,000 per household. This means that the wealthiest 20% of Australian households had net worth that was 68 times as high as the least wealthy 20%.In contrast, the 20% of Australian households with the highest dispos able income were virtually five times better off than the poorest 20%. So, it seems pretty clear that wealth is much more unequally distributed in Australia than income. Or is it? This depends on how you look at it. The most recent Credit Suisse Global Wealth Report, prepared by Anthony Shorrocks, one of the most highly respected world experts on wealth distribution, estimates that the distribution of wealth in Australia is the second least unequal (after Japan) of 27 major countries and the 12th least unequal of 174 countries. It is also notable that the Credit Suisse report finds that Australia has the second highest average level of wealth in the world and the highest normal wealth. The ABS survey used by Credit Suisse also presents two ways of looking at the distribution of wealth first, by rank households simply by the amount of wealth they have second, by ranking households by how much income they have. When the ABS ranks households by their incomes, the 20% with the lowes t incomes have an average net worth of around $437,000, while the 20% with the highest incomes have about $1.3 million in net worth.This means that the poorest one-fifth of households, deliberate by income, hold 12% of net wealth, while the richestone-fifth hold 36%, a ratio of about 3 to 1. These figures suggest that wealth is actually more equally distributed than income when the joint distribution of income and wealth is used which is a more comprehensive measure of total household resources. These two approaches yield remarkably different pictures of wealth distribution. This reflects the fact that spate accumulate wealth over the course of their life. Young mountain starting off in their first job generally dont have much in the way of wealth, but as they grow older they will purchase platefuls which have been the great wealth equaliser in Australia and accumulate superannuation and other savings. As a result, older people have much higher average wealth than younger peo ple, but older people generally have lower incomes than younger people.So, why did we think that income was equally shared in Australia if it wasnt? The dish up is that most of the earlier studies were based on a limited income measure usually wages before tax and usually full-time wagesfor men. In the past, Australias wage-fixing system compressed the wage distribution. As late as 1999, Australia had the highest minimum wage relative to the median in the OECD. If you are a full-time sedulous male wage earner in Australia, then you have a lower level of income inequality than in Denmark, otherwise one of the lowest inequality countries. The most important source of inequality in Australia is whether you have a job or not. So the pillars of egalitarianism in Australia were high wages, high home ownership and low unemployment. If we want to regain this position, we need to ensure that unemployment remains low and that low-income earners are able to buy into affordable housing.Refere nces1. go up Australian Government. Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Act 1999. Retrieved 2013-09-26. 2. Jump up Employers compete to be first choice for women. Employer of Choice for Women (EOCFW). The Workplace Gender Equality Agency. 13 Mar 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2013. 2. Changes to the Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Act reflect a shift in focus. http//www.dibbsbarker.com/publication/Changes_to_the_Equal_Opportunity_for_Women_in_the_Workplace_Act_reflect_a_shift_in_focus.aspx DibbsBarker. 13February 2013. 1. Jump up Department of Commerce. Frequently asked questions about pay equity. Retrieved on May 06, 2011. 2. Jump up toa b National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling. The impact of a sustained gender wage gap on the economy. Report to the perspective for Women, Department of Families, Community Services, Housing and Indigenous Affairs, 2009, p. v-vi. 3. Jump up Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency. 6302.0 Average Weekly Ea rnings, Australia, May 2013. Australian Government, 2013. 4. Jump up Catalyst Australia, Equality Speaks Chapter 10, 2009 5. Jump up Watson, Ian (2010). Decomposing the Gender Pay Gap in the Australian Managerial Labour Market. Australian Journal of Labour Economics, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 49-79. 6. Jump up Miller, Paul W. (2005). The Role of Gender among Low-Paid and High-Paid Workers.Australian Economic Review, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 405-417, quote p. 413-414. 7. Jump up Kee, Hiao Joo (2006). Glass Ceiling or Sticky Floor? Exploring the Australian Gender Pay Gap. The Economic Record, Vol. 82, No. 259, pp. 408-427. 8. Jump up Toohey, Tim, David Colosimo Andrew Boak (2009). Australias Hidden Resource The Economic Case for Increasing Female Participation. Melbourne Goldman Sachs JBWere Investment Research, p. 3. 9. Jump up Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations. Student 2009 Full Year Selected high Education Statistics. 10. Jump up Australian Bureau of Statistics, Av erage Weekly Earnings. Catalogue 6302.0, Time series Tables 10A 10D. 11. Jump up Equal Pay Case 1969 (1969) Volume 127 Commonwealth Arbitration Reports p. 1142. 12. Jump up Brenda Finlayson. Equal Pay Weve Come A long Way. Workers Online, Issue No 17, 11 June 1999. 13. Jump up C100 Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951.14. Jump up NSW Industrial Relations. A history of pay equity. 15. Jump up Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency. Overview of the Act. 16. Jump up Parliament of Australia, House of Representatives. Inquiry into pay equity and associated issues related to increasing female participation in the workforce. 17. Jump up Australian Bureau of Statistics. Labour Force. 6202.0, Table 8, November 2010 (trend data) 18. Jump up Department of Commerce. Frequently asked questions about pay equity. 19. Jump up Equal Opportunity for Women in the WorkplaceAgency. The Pay Equity Audit Tool.

Exchange Shopping Centre Essay Example for Free

Exchange Shopping Centre EssayRunning innocent is an active gear store for women. It first control surfaceed its first concept store in Putney in July of 2004. It gained reputation as the leading womens activewear, footwear and swimwear specialist and store in the next fewer years. This led to the expansion of the store to include the opening of branches in Temple Fortune North capital of the United Kingdom and Tunbridge Wells and the most recent, Australia. With a mission to provide quality sportswear and accessories for women on the lookout for first-class performance gears and wears with a fashion sense. The working philosophy of Running Bare hails from the confidence, success-driven and positive energy that women on the go possess. With an excellent inventory of sports shoe brands such as Asics, Running Bare also unambiguously offers technical advice and foot assessment in their stores. Running bare results are expertly designed to sum up balance, vitality and strength to the women who war them, giving the much needed support for the type of activities they perform, allowing them to excel.Since women are at the heart of Running Bare, its driving goal is to preserve sophistication and style in each of their product yet providing an exquisite partner for every active woman out there. Running Bare products throw up from tops, pants/bottoms, fliptops, footwear, accessories, swimwear, trainers and a line of beauty products. Products are also categorized according to activities such as running, fitness, yoga and pilates, swimwear, courts ports and netball. Running Bare stores are locate at The Exchange Shopping Centre?High highroad Putney,? London SW15 1TW? with contact number, 0208 788 8875 and ? Emailemailprotected co. uk? They open from ? 9am 6pm Monday,Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday? 9am 7pm Thursday? 11am 5pm Sunday. To get to this store, you usher out board the following? pile ROUTES? 74, 14, 22, 265, 85, 93, 37, 430, 424, 39, 337, 220. The Running Bare Temple Fortune is located at? 7 Hallswelle Parade,? Finchley Road? London NW11 0DL. You can contact them at tel. 0208 458 9375? and Emailemailprotected uk. They open from9. 30am 5. 30pm Monday to Saturday? CLOSED Sunday. If you are taking the tube, you can disembark at Golders Green and then 15min walk or take buses 102 (towards Edmonton), 82 or 460 (towards North Finchley) Runningbare Tunbridge Wells? is located at 201 Royal Victoria Place Royal Tunbridge Wells TN1 2SS. Their contact number is 01892 617 338 and email emailprotected co. uk. They open from 9am 6pm Monday to Saturday and 9am 8pm Thursday and 10. 30am 4. 30pm Sunday.

Womens Clothing Industry Report Essay Example for Free

Womens habiliments Industry in vocalise EssayThis application includes establishments primarily engaged in the sell sale of a worldwide cables length of womens ready-to-wear dress. This phratry in any case includes establishments primarily engaged in the specialized retail sale of womens coats, suits, and dresses. exercise tailors primarily engaged in making womens clothing to individual order are classified in SIC 5699 Miscellaneous Apparel and Accessory Stores.Industry SnapshotIn 2005, $36.7 jillion was spent at break ins devoted exclusively to womens apparel, a jump of more(prenominal)(prenominal) than $2 one million million million from 2004 and more than $4 one thousand million from 2003. go the discounters, namely place and Wal-Mart, were continuing to do well, the more upscale stores were seeing a immature surge in fleeting. While consumer demand for luxury and high quality items was high, intimately of the purchases in this category were made for tho se items either from lower-priced brands or items on sale. In the mid-2000s, those employed by the industry were mostly working(a) as gross revenue associates, who are responsible for performing customer service and a variety of operative duties much(prenominal) as setting up displays and organizing stock.Store managers oversee gross revenue, operations, and personnel functions. Merchandisers work with the apparel manufacturers to consume apparel for the retailer and control merchandise expenses. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, womens clothing stores reported combined sales of $38.5 trillion in 2008. As the economy continued to struggle sales wing 7.6 percent to $35.6 cardinal in 2009. As sales declined, Womens clothing stores were adapting to the bring downturn by focusing on recession-friendly prices, and chess opening up more discount outlets. In fact, there were 345 outlet stores s new-fashionedd to open in 2011, according to the November 2009 Retail forward-movi ng report.Organization and StructureThe structure of the U.S. retail industry, including womens clothing stores, has changed probatoryly since the early 1990s, moving from a production-driven market to a consumer-driven market. Nontraditional retailers, such as discounters, off-priced stores, and factory outlets, fared well. Because of continuing competition from nontraditional retailers, department stores such as J.C. Penney and specialty stores such as TheLimited enlarged their focus on private labels. In the mid-1990s, consumers demanded more convenience and quicker service from growing no-store retail, particularly in direct-mail order, television, and online shopping.An Internet shopping field by Ernst Young LLP reported that the number of retailers selling online tripled in 1998 to 39 percent. The online market was estimated to reach $13 billion in sales at the end of 1999. The relationship between larger retailers and suppliers significantly step up because a growing n umber of retailers were taking on entrepreneurial roles traditionally performed by apparel producers. big retailers and direct-mail order companies were making decisions in areas such as product design, fabric endurance and procurement, and apparel production, which in turn influenced production scheduling, pricing, and delivery dates.Background and DevelopmentWomens clothing stores were introduced in Europe in the recent 1700sslightly later in the American coloniesat a time when productive capability, population, and prosperity allowed clothing production to escape out of the house and into the factory, and clothes to move into retail stores. Around this time, seamstresses began opening shops offer custom-made hats, dresses, cloaks, or other garments. These garments of the latest fashion were for those who could afford to hire out the work of stitching. Trading posts in the termination areas carried cloth and some off-the-rack apparel. The invention of the sewing machine, th e rise of mass production, and the proliferation of retail stores by the late nineteenth century led people first to sample and later to rely on ready-made clothing for sale as a reliable means of obtaining fashionable clothing. In the 1890s, ready-to-wear clothing came into its own, and by the turn of the century ready-made womens wear was available in abundance in the joined States. By the 1920s, it was considered more fashionable to buy clothing from a store than to bring out it at home.For galore(postnominal) years, the department store and the downtown womens shop were the mainstays of womens wear retailing. Department stores offering a vast selection of goods and specialty stores catering to unique tastes dotted the urban landscape. For those with enough money, shopping became a social event. on with the growth of womens clothing retailing came the increase importance of fashion. The womensapparel industry establi overleap a voice in government through the National Retail F ederation (NRF), the trade group representing the entire spectrum of the nations retail industry. In the early and mid-1990s, the NRF lobbied the U.S. Congress on issues such as minimum wages and the proposed health oversee plan. The NRF was opposed to an increase in the minimum wage on the grounds that many retailers would have to culture down operations or fire staff to meet expenses with a higher wage base. In 1994, Womens Wear Daily reported that the NRF opposed the Clinton administrations proposed universal health reporting on the grounds that more than 700,000 jobs would have to be eliminated in all retailing.At that time exclusively 35 percent of retail workers received health care benefits. The NRF supported a plan that emphasized offering health coverage but did not require employers to pay for that coverage and allowed for the creation of purchasing pools for group insurance. Heading into the 21st century, dedicated womens stores faced renewed competition from alterna tive retail venues offering specialty or general line womens apparel in addition to other product lines. Sporting goods retailers were devising new strategies to increase womens apparel business. In 1995, womens apparel ranged from 10 percent to 40 percent of store merchandise. Sporting goods retailers aphorism strong potential in the womens apparel market. Retailers increase floor space to accommodate womens products set up womens departments increased stock of best-selling brands and held store events to draw more female customers. Department stores also responded to the increased demand for womens apparel and began repositioning themselves to win back the customers they had lost to more focused outlets like The possible action and The Limited.Such retailers as Bloomingdales and Dayton Hudson revamped the womens apparel collections. The large-sized womens clothing market grabbed the attention of clothing retailers in the mid-1990s with sales reach $20 billion and claiming 24.7 p ercent of the market. The key factors that influenced these sales were an increase in fashions featuring younger silhouettes and the use of recrudesce fabrics. Lane Bryant, a division of The Limited Inc., brought in more fashionable clothes and worked to change the acquaintance of large-size fashion. Our customer wants to wear the exact same fashion her skinny friends wear, noted Lane Bryants chief administrator Jill Dean in a 1999 Wall Street Journal interview. One of the hottest growth areas in retailingduring the late 1990s was discounting. Clothing retailers saw an opportunity to bring fashionable clothes at commonsense prices to the masses. In 2002, Target was the countrys third-largest discounter and a $40 billion division of the Dayton Hudson Corporation. Nearly 35 percent of Targets sales come from the clothing department. overaged Navy, a division of The Gap, was launched in 1994 to compete with stores like Sears and Target with this concept in mind.As the United State s initiated the war with Iraq in March of 2003, the U.S. economy remained soft and consumers remained cautious. As a result, the clothing industry reported sales numbers below those previously forecasted, down 6 to 7 percent rather than the anticipated 3 to 4 percent for the month. The retailers with the most successor least(prenominal) amount of declinewere those that offered moderate-priced, affordable sportswear that combined the right amount of fashion with value. By the end of 2003, the industry saw increased spending again, a trend that continued into 2004. garnishes, skirts, and tailored clothing all declined in overall sales and units sold, but increases were seen in lingerie, suits, swimwear, and knit shirts. Tops were hailed as the new accessory in 2005, and women were being bolder about choices in this division, while preferring more versatile, guileless apparel items in other categories such as slacks.The so-called career/casual market was on the upswing, as women loo ked for clothing that could easily make the transition from work to leisure. While fashion was important in the mid-2000s, so was the desire to simplify. Although higher-end, upscale items were increasing in demand, women still looked for the bargain, leading to an increase in the affordable luxury category as well. While overall spending was up, the average price per item was down. Retailers also continued to target secondary shoppers as a consistent source for revenues. Young consumers, who tend to have more disposable income than older shoppers, spend more money on clothing and are more conscious of fashion trends. In 2007, those junior shoppers were interested in buying dresses, as were most other women.According to a report by The NPD Group, revenues from sales of dresses increased 30.4 percent overall for the 12-month period ending in April 2007. For juniors, the jump was 53.3 percent, while the sales of misses dresses rose 33.1 percent and the sale of petite dresses 31.6 per cent. During that 12-month period, sales of womens apparel in general increased 5.1 percent. falterherto with positive signsin sales heading into the late 2000s, an uncertain economy had one of the stronger chains slimming down to improve profitability. Despite net sales that rose 2.3 percent in 2007 to approximately $2.4 billion, Ann Taylor Stores Corporation announce in January 2008 that it planned to close 117 stores from 2008 through 2010 as a restructuring of the business.Current ConditionsRetailers are crafting marketing and trade campaigns around the new normal, making a bid for female shoppers still shell-shocked by the biggest economic downturn since The Great Depression. Consequently, consumer spending patterns have been changing and will likely continue to evolve. The average consumer was shifting to few purchases. One market research firm that follows the industry reported sales of womens clothing fell 2.8 percent in 2008 and 4.9 percent in 2009. Industry watchers d ont see the downward trend changing anytime soon, especially since income levels were on the decline and the unemployment rate remained at high levels and apparel in general being a arbitrary purchase was suffering because of the weak economy.In one survey conducted by ShopperScape by Ohio-based Retail transport based on all age groups and income levels found over half of women shoppers will replace only their worn out clothing. Additionally, when it comes to buying clothing, shoes, and accessories the mentality was to trade down selecting the less expensive brands. Additionally, women shoppers were much more value oriented then in years past. The mentality to shop till you drop was at once labeled frugal shopper seeking out the less expensive designer replicas. Some womens clothing stores underwent significant restructuring downsizing throughout the late 2000s. One industry leader, Ann Taylor Stores including their LOFT stores shed 60 stores in 2008, followed by another 42 stores in 2009 with about another 72 announced to close in 2010. Of the estimated 174 store closures, half would be Ann Taylor Stores and about half would be LOFT stores.Industry LeadersSome of the leadership in the womens clothing store retail industry in the United States were The Gap, Inc., Limited Brands, Inc., Charming Shoppes, Inc., Talbots, Inc., Ann Taylor Stores Corporation, and the uniform Barn, Inc. The Gap, founded in 1969 by Don and Doris Fisher in San Francisco, hasbecome an international specialty retailer offering mens, womens, and childrens casual clothing and accessories. The Gap operated thousands of stores in six countries, including The Gap, GapKids, Baby Gap, GapBody, Banana Republic, and Old Navy Clothing Co. The Gap has stores in the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, Canada, France, and Germany. The party reported $15.9 billion in revenues for 2007. The Gap grow quickly in the 1980s, purchasing the Banana Republic chain in 1983, launching GapKids, and B abyGap in 1986, and opening its first overseas store in London in 1987. By 1990 The Gap was one of the most successful apparel retailers and the second largest clothing brand in the United States. One of the biggest successes for The Gap was the Old Navy division, launched in 1994.In less than three years, The Gap opened 282 Old Navy stores and hit sales of $1 billion. Gap Online was introduced in November 1997. Limited Brands, Inc., the top U.S. womens apparel retailer, was founded in 1963. Limited Brands, Inc. shed its Express and The Limited apparel chains to focus on its Victorias Secret and Bath Body industrial plant stores. The company operated 2,900 specialty stores in North America in 2007. Sales for 2007 reached $10.7 billion. The leader in confirming size apparel, Charming Shoppes, Inc., had Fashion Bug and Catherines Plus Size stores, and had acquired Lane Bryant from Limited Brands in 2001. The company reported 2007 sales of $3.1 billion. Talbots, Inc., with nearly 1, 380 stores carrying traditional clothing and accessories, reported $2.2 billion in 2007 sales. Ann Taylor Stores, which catered to customers looking for upscale, classic clothing, reported 2007 sales of $2.4 billion. The Dress Barn catered to the professional woman on a budget.The company had $1.3 billion in 2007 sales. With 2,100 stores globally, The Gap reported revenues of $15.7 billion in 2008, falling to $14.1 billion in 2010 with 135,000 employees. Limited Brands, Inc. also saw their revenues decline fro $10.1 billion in 2008 to $8.6 billion in 2010 with 92,100 employees. From a reported $3 billion in sales for 2008, Charming Shoppes, Inc.s revenue plummeted to nearly $2.1 billion in 2010 with 27,000 employees. Talbots, Inc.s total number of stores fell from 1,380 in 2007 to 580 in 2010, as did its revenues from nearly $2.3 billion in 2008 to $1.2 billion in 2010 with 9,100 employees. Ann Taylor Stores reported revenues of $1.8 billion in 2010, well below the reported revenues of nearly $1.4 billion in 2008. The company employed18,800 people. The Dress barn reported revenues of $982 million in 2010.